LIFESPAN AND DEVELOPMENT- PRACTICE QUESTIONS

Jean Piaget developed and proposed his theories of cognitive development during the

Jean Piaget gathered the information for his theories about cognitive development by

Which of the following is an example of a cognitive scheme

According to Piaget, the incorporation of new information into existing schemes is called

Tim likes to explore his parents' house through touch. One day he touches the oven and burns his hand. Tim learns that although some objects are safe to touch, ovens are not. According to Piaget, this is an example of:

How many stages of cognitive development did Piaget identify?

The Piagetian stage during which understanding of the world comes about through sensory experiences and motor actions is the:

According to Piaget, during the first sensorimotor substage, infants is

When D'Andre was 5 months old, he looked at a toy train, but when his view of the train was blocked, he did not search for it. Now that he is 9 months old, he does search for it, reflecting his development of

The first substage of preoperational thought is the

Piaget's most famous conservation task study involved:

Much of the new research on cognitive development in children suggests that Piaget's theory:

The Piagetian concept in which an infant searches for a hidden object in a familiar location rather than looking for it in a new location is called:

In talking with Grandma on the phone, Jake suddenly exclaims, "Oh, look at that pretty red bird!" When his grandmother asks him to describe the bird, Jake says, "Out there, out there! Right there, Grandma!" He finally gets frustrated and says good

A young child might be heard saying, "The moon is smiling at me." The child's belief that the moon has "human" qualities and is capable of action is referred

In Piaget's theory, "operations" refer to

A mechanism that Piaget proposed to explain how children shift from one stage of thought to the next is called:

_______ is clearly evidenced in young children's lack of conservation when they focus their attention on one characteristic (such as height or length) to the exclusion of other characteristics.

To understand the relationships among relatives on a family tree, children need to be able to use the skill of:

Tyrell understands that his father can also be a son and a brother, all at the same time. This suggests that Tyrell is in the:

During what stage of development can a child take a pile of rocks and place them in order from largest to smallest?

Reversible mental actions are called:

According to Piaget, _______ operational thought comes into play between 11 and 15 years of age.

In Piagetian terms, the cognitive ability to solve problems that develop in adolescence is called:

Research suggests that the age at which individuals acquire conservation skills is associated with:

According to David Elkind, personal fable and imaginary audience are parts of adolescent:

Stephanie, a 15-year-old high school student, is afraid to go to school because of a small pimple on her forehead. This exemplifies the concept of:

Which of the following educational practices is supported by Piaget's theory of cognitive development?

Developmentalists who argue that Piaget got some things right but that his theory needs considerable revision are called:

Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development is similar to Piaget's theory in that it:

Tasks in the upper limit of the zone of proximal development (ZPD) are ones:

According to Lev Vygotsky's concept of the zone of proximal development (ZPD), learning is:

A toddler is likely to learn something in the zone of proximal development if:

_____ occurs when a teacher adjusts his or her level of support and guidance to the level of skill of the student.

Which of the following reflects Lev Vygotsky's beliefs about language and thought?

Latoya talks to herself often, especially when she is trying to solve a difficult problem. Vygotsky would say Latoya is:

Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development best reflects a(n):

With respect to adult cognitive processes, psychologist K. Warner Schaie (1977) concluded that:

Life-span development students often complain, "Why do we have to learn all of these theories? Why don't you just teach us the right one?" This complaint reflects:

Postformal thought is considered to be:

The information-processing approach is primarily concerned with the processes of:

When analogies are drawn between computers and mental processes, the physical brain is referred to as the:

The process by which information gets into memory is called:

Metacognition is:

The information-processing approach differs from Piaget's theory of cognitive development in that it:

Hoyer and Roodin (2009) found that:

The ability to concentrate and focus mental resources is referred to as:

According to psychologists, vigilance is the same as:

Andrea shows her baby a colorful block several times. The baby looks carefully at the block at first but then turns her attention to a different toy after seeing the block a few times. The baby is demonstrating:

Habituation involves _______, whereas dishabituation involves _______.

Which of the following is an example of dishabituation?

Jenny's earliest memory is of her baby brother being born when she was 3 years old. Her inability to remember anything before this is an example of:

According to the schema theory of memory, people:

14.A common memory problem for older adults is:

Gabriel is a normal 4-month-old infant. Thus, we would expect him to have:

In short-term memory, individuals retain information for up to:

Working memory is also called:

Why does memory span improve as children get older?

Which of the following children is most likely to be susceptible to misleading suggestions?

Which memory strategy works best for short-term memory?

_______ memory refers to memory of facts and experiences that individuals know and can state.

Gail is typing on a computer keyboard without consciously searching for the correct keys. She is demonstrating:

The fact that older adults benefit from training in mnemonics indicates that they can learn to improve their:

Categories that group objects, events, and characteristics on the basis of common properties are called:

Which disease has been lined to cognitive drop-offs in adults?

Elliott is a student in a school where each student takes a turn leading small-group discussions. The students discuss complex passages, collaborate, and share their individual expertise and perspectives. This educational process is called:

Which of the following tasks has been used by researchers to examine how children use rules to solve problems?

Which of the following is not a characteristic that distinguishes experts from novices?

Which of the following statements is false in regard to metamemory?

In terms of theory of mind, which of the following is not understood by 2- to 3-year-old children?

_______ is the ability to solve problems and to adapt and learn from experience.

The intelligence test developed by Binet and Simon (1904) was designed to:

Sally's mental age is 12, while her chronological age is 10. Sally's intelligence quotient is:

When test scores are normally distributed around the average score, it means that:

When compared to the Binet intelligence test, the Wechsler test offers the advantage of:

In Spearman's two-factor theory of intelligence, "g" refers to:

A statistical procedure that correlates test scores to identify underlying clusters is called a(n):

Sternberg's triarchic theory and Gardner's theory of intelligence both emphasize that:

Indira grew up in poverty and first learned to care for herself and her younger brother by selling newspapers and developing "street smarts." Although she never went to school, she has become successful in business. In terms of Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory, which type of intelligence does Indira have?

Juan is an architect. According to Howard Gardner's theory of intelligence, which type of intelligence does Juan have?

Howard Gardner has developed _______ types of intelligence.

According to Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences:

Which of the following tests requires individuals to solve practical everyday problems?

A heritability index of 0.80 indicates:

A performance standard for an IQ test is called a:

The Abecedarian Intervention program has demonstrated that:

Which researcher developed an intelligence assessment with a "developmental quotient" score?

Which intelligence assessment elicits similar performances from infants in different cultures and is correlated with measures of intelligence in older children?

Jarod is an adolescent African American. When taking an intelligence test, he is anxious about possibly confirming the old stereotype that Blacks are "intellectually inferior." He is displaying the effects of:

The Gesell test used to assess normal and abnormal infants has four categories of behavior. The four categories are:

Which assessment tool has a mental scale, a motor scale, and an infant behavior profile?

Fluid intelligence is the ability to

According to John Horn, in middle age:

Data from the Seattle Longitudinal Study has shown that the highest level of functioning for four of the six intellectual abilities tested occurred in:

The research on wisdom suggests that

Organic retardation is caused by:

Everett, a 10-year-old boy, has an IQ of 48 on the Stanford-Binet intelligence test and he has difficulty adapting in his everyday life, but his teachers expect he may be able to support himself as an adult through some type of labor. He would be classified as:

Hyun-Joo is asked to come up with as many possible uses of a paper clip as possible. This task requires her to use:

The step in the creative process which often covers the longest span of time and requires the hardest work is:

Researchers have found that the age at which creativity declines:

Language is most accurately defined as a system of _______ that allow for communication with others.

Someone with a vocabulary of only 200 words can still combine the words in different ways to say thousands of different things. This aspect of language is referred to as:

The word ending -ing is an example of a:

The sound system of a language is referred to as:

Mary has difficulty sounding out words like "though" and "calendar." Her difficulties lie in which of the following aspects of language?

Which aspect of language deals with the meaning of words and sentences?

Pointing to a tree, young Ramal says, "bird flied away." Ramal's inaccurate use of the "ed" word ending shows that he is trying to learn the _______ rules of language.

Yoshi is learning that there are many different ways to say "thank you" in Japanese. It depends on several things, such as the gender and social status of the recipient. This use of appropriate conversation demonstrates:

Which of the following is the correct sequence in which babies produce sounds and gestures during their first year?

An infant's first word is usually spoken, on average, at about ____ months of age.

Compared to 50 years ago, children's first words today are:

A child's expansive vocabulary is directly correlated with:

The ability to think about language is called:

Which approach to reading instruction includes learning complete words or entire sentences?

In the debate over whether the whole language approach or the basic-skills-and-phonetics approach is the better one for teaching children to read:

Researchers have found that bilingual education programs:

The optimal time for learning a second language is:

Edward says to his teacher, "All the world's a stage." He is using:

At what point do individuals begin to understand metaphors and satire?

Caricatures are an example of:

A language disorder resulting from brain damage that involves a loss of the ability to use words is:

The concept of the language acquisition device is an example of how:

Chomsky's theory of language development emphasizes:

_______ stresses that young children are intensely interested in their social world and that early in their development they can understand the intentions of other people.

Which of the following is not a criticism of the behaviorist view of language acquisition?

Aunt Alice is speaking in normal tones until she is handed her new baby niece. Aunt Alice's voice immediately changes into a higher pitch, and she begins using baby-talk phrases like "goo goo" and "ba ba." This change in Aunt Alice's language behavior is an example of:

In a study conducted by Betty Hart and Todd Risley (1995), what was the main difference between the way middle-class parents and welfare parents interacted with their children?

Little Lisa points to a ball and says "Color dat ball." Her father responds with "What color is the ball?" This is an example of:

Andrew sees a cat on the lawn and says to his mother, "Kitty run." His mother responds, "Yes, the kitty is running." This is an example of: