Introduction To Sociology (Final Exam)

Norms are

Achieved status is a social position

A subculture is

Any violation of norms, whether good or bad is called

A condition in which members of a society have different amounts of wealth, prestige, or power is called

Some elements of our society are socially constructed such as the social institutions, formal organizations, and bureaucracies. Which of the following is not a social construction?

A society is

Sociologists such as George Herbert Mead, Erving Goffman, and Charles Horton Cooley believed that the development of the self - what makes us unique - is a result of

If a person refuses to hire members of a particular ethnic group not because of a personal dislike of that ethnic group, but because he or she fear business clients will go elsewhere, this is

Mores are

Which of the following is NOT, by sociologists, regarded as a characteristic of a minority group?

Ethnocentrism refers to

Socialization is the process

A key element in sociological imagination is the ability to view one's society

Which term is used to refer to the principle instruments/means whereby the essential tasks (functional prerequisites) of living are organized, directed, and executed?

A proposition that can be tested to determine its validity is known as a

Social constructs and social definitions

Which sociological perspective would view society as a system or living organism in which each part/component is related to each other and contributes to its overall survival and stability?

Values are

Sociology is considered a science because sociologists

Which is not a focus of sociology?

Which sociological perspective looks for how social interactions take place and generalize about everyday forms of social interaction in order to understand society as a whole?

Which term is used to refer to the methods and strategies that regulate behavior in our society?

Which sociological perspective focuses on the continual process of change? They tend to want to know "who benefits, who suffers, and who dominates at the expense of others in social relationships."

The social heritage of people - including learned patterns of thinking, feeling, and action is known as

A minority is defined as a category of people who are

Edwin Sutherland's differential association theory links deviance to

Which of the following concepts refers to the practice of including people with disabilities in regular educational classes and programs?

Regardless of race, families headed by single women are

The concept of "glass ceiling" refers to

In the United States, romantic love

Marx thought of inequality in terms of two main classes. In contrast, Weber envisioned inequality in terms of

If you were born into a traditional caste system, you would expect that, based on birth, you would be

Using the terms of Robert Merton's strain theory, which of the following concepts correctly describes the behavior of a school "dropout" who rejects both cultural goals and the conventional means to reach them?

The concept "socialized medicine" refers to which of the following?

Most criminal cases handled by the criminal justice system in the United States are resolved

What Gunnar Myrdal called the "American dilemma" was

In Robert Merton's strain theory of deviance, which of the following concepts refers to the process of seeking conventional goals but rejecting the conventional means to achieve them?

In 2011, Forbes magazine reported that approximately ___________ of our country's richest people were women.

While prejudice is a matter of _____, discrimination is a matter of _____.

Because there are several hundred people in the United States for every police officer, police

The functions of schooling include

Assimilation refers to the process by which

The concept "conspicuous consumption" refers to

Today, women represent ______ of all students on college campuses across the United States.

Which of the following correctly states the effect of additional schooling on average lifetime income?

Margaret Mead's research on gender in three societies in New Guinea illustrates that

Which of the following refers to the illegal actions of a corporation or people acting on its behalf?

Sociologists define the concept of "race" as

From which world regions do most of today's U.S. immigrants come?

The concept of sacred refers to what is

Secularization refers to which of the following?

For Chinese immigrants, one consequence of living in Chinatowns was

Victimization surveys show that the actual amount of crime in the United States is about _____ what official reports indicate.

In what percentage of rapes and attempted rapes on college campuses does the woman know her attacker?

The idea that social inequality benefits society is associated with the

Which of the following concepts refers to crime committed by persons of high social position during the course of their occupations?

In the United States, an important medical issue is

The concept of "euthanasia" refers to

Which of the following concepts refers to change in social position during a person's lifetime?

Institutional prejudice and discrimination refers to the fact that

Using Robert Merton's strain theory, how would you classify a low-paid, yet compulsively conforming bank teller who never seems to want to get ahead but never seems to do anything wrong?

Which sexually transmitted disease infects 24 million U.S. adolescents and adults (about one in six)?

Race refers to _____ considered important by a society; ethnicity refers to _____.

Scapegoat theory states that prejudice is created by

A judge sentences a young man who has committed several crimes to counseling and places him in a supportive foster home. Which of the following concepts describes these efforts to prevent further wrongdoing?

Which of the following diseases is the biggest killer in today's high-income nations?

The wealthiest 1 percent of U.S. families (the "super-rich") controls about _____ of the nation's privately held wealth.

The concept criminal recidivism refers to

When all the evidence is considered, about what share of the U.S. population is really at least somewhat religious?

Research shows that masculinity is linked to health because

Which concept refers to attitudes and activities that a society links to people of each sex?

Who coined the concept "survival of the fittest"?

In the United States today, what percentage of people over the age of twenty-five have earned a four-year college degree?

The killing of people in the Darfur region of Africa is a recent example of

Talcott Parsons explained that males tend to exhibit _____ behavior, while females are more _____.

What concept did Erving Goffman use to refer to a powerful and negative label that greatly changes a person's self-concept and social identity?

Research suggests that, with regard to social class, arrest for FBI index crimes

The concept "homogamy" means that

Magnet schools encourage

Which of the following are functions of deviance noted by Emile Durkheim?

Karl Marx believed that religion

Authoritarian personality theory states that extreme prejudice is

Every society tries to regulate the behavior of individuals; this general process is called

Work involving mostly mental activity is called

Prostitution is widely regarded as which of the following types of crime?

Working class people might also be described as

Criminal statistics gathered by the Federal Bureau of Investigation reflect

Most cases of female genital mutilation occur in

The total amount of financial assets, minus any debts, is referred to as

Which of the following concepts refers to social organization in which males dominate females?

Social stratification is a concept that refers to

The anthropologist Oscar Lewis suggested the cause of poverty lies in

What concept refers to the formal system that responds to alleged violations of the law using police, courts, and prison officials?

The point of the story about passenger deaths that accompanied the sinking of the ocean liner Ttitanic is that

Holistic medicine asserts that

Which of the following concepts refers to "the recognized violation of cultural norms"?

"Crime" differs from "deviance" in that crime

The Hispanic population of the United States is

Religion is a social institution that is BEST defined as involving

A national civil rights movement, which ended most instances of lawful discrimination, took place during

According to the most recent data, African Americans accounted for about what percentage of the U.S. population?

Significant immigration of Asian Americans to the United States was first sparked by

In the United States in 2010, women in the labor force working full time earned ______ to every dollar men earned.

The "beauty myth" refers to the idea that

As of 2011, women held about what share of seats in Congress?

The basic idea behind labeling theory is that

Using the terms in Robert Merton's strain theory, which of the following concepts correctly describes the behavior of a radical activist who rejects just about everything in the existing society in favor of some alternative system?

Opposition to feminism is

The likelihood a person will be arrested for a street crime rises sharply

Which of the following factors tends to raise your social standing?

According to the social-conflict approach, what a society labels as deviant is based primarily on

What is the effect of industrialization on the number of children in a typical family?

The concept of structural social mobility refers to

The concept of gender refers to

Sociological analysis of religion is concerned with

Which of the following concepts refers to earnings from work or any investments?

A caste system is defined as

Which of the following statements is correct?

A system of marriage that unites one woman with two or more men is called

If a parent threatens a child with punishment in order to discourage wrongdoing, the parent is using punishment to accomplish which of the following?

Which of the following concepts refers to the historical practice in England of passing on property to only the first-born male descendant?

A charismatic leader is most likely to be found in which of the following?

Looking back over U.S. history, we see a general trend by which women

The concept "endogamy" refers to marriage between

What is the form of social organization in which females dominate males?

Which of the following statements illustrates the "medicalization of deviance"?

According to Karl Marx, which class forms the core of the industrial proletariat?

The concept of "comparable worth" means that

Which of the following concepts refers to the fusion of Christian principles with political activism, often Marxist in character?

The idea that social inequality is harmful and divides society is associated with the

The U.S. Census Bureau defines the "family" as

Which of the following statements accurately describes social stratification in the People's Republic of China?

According to the Davis-Moore thesis

A family that includes parents, children and other kin is called

The greatest preventable cause of death in the United States is

Looking back in history, the oldest justification for punishing an offender is

The concept "meritocracy" refers to social stratification

About _____ of the richest people in the United States gained at least some of their fortune from inheritance.

The overall social standing of Native Americans is

According to the structural-functional approach, which of the following is counted among the tasks of the family?

The claim that the United States is a postdenominational society is based on a movement

Roughly 40 to 45 percent of the U.S. population falls within the

Comparing school performance, researchers have found that the main cause of the achievement gap between rich and poor children is

Native Americans gained the right to U.S. citizenship in

A family composed of one or two parents and their children is called

In poor nations around the world, about what percentage of children die before they reach their first birthday?

You are expressing a "stereotype" if you

Which of the following is the largest minority category within the U.S. population?

Today, sociologists emphasize that race is a ____________________________, not a biological one.

__________ refer(s) to the culturally and socially constructed differences between females and males found in the meanings, beliefs and practices associated with "femininity" and "masculinity."