IB History Exam Review: Paper 3 Terms

act of the U.S. Constitution that created the Northwest Territory and established to the need for centralized government.

a founding father, author of George Washington's economic policies and helped create the Articles of Confederation.

statesman, fourth president and helped in the drafting of the U.S. Constitution.

series of protests from 1786-7 by American farmers against state and local tax collectors; most serious took place in Massachusetts.

proposal for a bicameral legislature by Virginia delegates; drafted by James Madison.

an agreement made between large and small states that defined legislative structure.

all power at all levels falled ultimately in the hands of the people.

"Checks and balances," separation of legislative, executive and judicial branches, but checked over each other.

series of essays that explained the meaning/virtues of the Constitution.

Presented themselves as the defenders of true principals and suggested new government that would increase taxes.

first ten amendments of the U.S. Constitution and was considered essential for new government.

"taxes," government taking control of the debt, needed the support from the wealthy/powerful.

National bank of the United States to handle the country's taxes, Jefferson thought it was compatible with the new constitution.

party that was in favor of a new government where the power lied in the hands of the people.

party that was against the new form of government that lied in the hands of the people, instead was for a more centralized government. (State over nat'l gov't)

Jefferson's vision that called for a nation of small independent farmers.

Dispute where farmers in western Pennsylvania refused to pay a certain tax on whiskey.

series of acts that increased presidential power, placed new obstacles for foreigners become new citizens and allowed gov't to prosecute those engaged in disputation of territory.

Nullification of states so that they can ignore federal government.

The south relied on the cultivation of tobacco for a main source of their economy; market became unstable from exhaustion of land in which it grew; had to shift to other crops.

Crop that could grow in a variety of climates; decline of tobacco led to the cultivation of this crop.

revolutionized the cotton economy in the south by making the processing of short-stable cotton a lot quicker.

between 1820-60 the number of slaves in the south increased drastically; nearly 410,000 slaves were transplanted in the south.

James D. B. DeBow published a magazine that advocated southern commercial and agricultural expansion and warned the dangers of a "colonial" relationship.

set of values by white southerners that discouraged the growth of cities and industries; visioned a more refined and gracious life rather than one of rapid growth and development.

Connected to ethical behavior and bravery; avenging insults were considered an important obligation of white gentlemen.

traditional, male-dominated family structure that centers around the male figure for the dominant figure in the household.

task system by which slaves were assigned a particular task and were obligated to do that task in the morning hours.

Household servants that had a much easier physical life than others; lived close to the master and his family.

lived in cities and gained opportunities to mingle with free blacks and whites; performed unskilled jobs in the cities and towns in which they lived.

some slaves were set free by master, but state laws governing slaves became rigid and less in their favor.

An enslaved blacksmith who gathered 1,000 rebelling slaves outside of Richmond, V.A.; 2 slaves gave plot away getting Virginia militia involved before it even began.

slave preacher who gathered armed slaves from house to house and killed nearly 60 white men, women and children.

slaves were broken apart from their families; those w/out relatives were lost and slaves often integrated into families.

slaves were often Christians; Christianity fit their situations; everything in the bible linked to freedom, something that they wanted.

Patriarchal society with male dominance and women taking care of household duties and children; marriage promoted stability amongst the slaves.

Increase of entire families and acknowledgment of extended families

Loyalty to the interests of one's own region or section of a country rather than the country as a whole; different economies, social structures and customs were introduced to the south and north of the U.S.

major event leading to the American Civil War; would have banned slavery in any territory acquired by Mexico; first introduced in U.S. to resolve Mex-Amer. War

package of 5 bills passed in the U.S. to diffuse a 4-year confrontation b/t the slave states slave states and free states regarding the status of territories acquired during Mex-Amer. War.

politician from Illinois that designed the Kansas-Nebraska Act; believed in principle of popular sovereignty; endorsed the Dred-Scott decision.

created the separate territories of Kansas and Nebraska opening new land for settlement; allowed white male settlers to determine slave status of those territories.

abolitionist who considered himself as an instrument from God to destroy slavery; gathered 6 followers and murdered 5 pro-slavery settlers.

gathered 6 followers and murdered 5 pro-slavery settlers in May of 1856; led to the Bleeding of Kansas that occurred from the Maryland Compromise.

anti-slavery members that consisted of white northerners who sought to fight the spread of slavery.

group of apologists that summarized their views into an anthology; claimed that slavery was good for the southern society.

a slave was taken to a free state, the owner was killed, Dred Scott sued widow, receives freedom, owner's brother claimed him, ruling reserved, fed. court said the slave was property so he didn't have a right to sue.

disagreed with sectionalism and didn't want slavery to spread past the south; to the south, his election was seen as the "final straw."

led a small army of 18 men into the town of Harpers Ferry, V.A. to instigate a major slave rebellion in the south; deepened divide between the north/south creating a sense of fear for the south.

Abraham Lincoln was elected and his disapproval of slavery became the "final straw" for the southern states; made south feel the need to succeed.

"Compromise is no longer possible." exhausted all options when the states began to succeed.

compromised forces gathered behind a proposal-submitted by John C. Crittenden consisting of several constitutional amendments that would have guaranteed permanent existence of slavery in southern states.

In South Carolina, Union forces ran out of supplies and Lincoln believed that if he surrendered, his commitment to maintaining the Union would no longer be credible.

Slavery did not succeed in these states, but were not part of the slave-free union states.

Permitting the expedition of land by transportation in the form of trains that help with war effort by transporting supplies and troops to battle quicker.

locally supported and familiar with territory; they had long lines of communication and clusters of hostile local populations.

New York protesters who protested the draft of 1863 and in response, created the Division Amongst Northerners

Lincoln was nearly defeated, but won; No confederate states participated, making the north deny pre-existing opinions.

permitted court proceedings for confiscation of any "property" (AKA: Slaves) being used to support confederate independence effort.

was signed by Abraham Lincoln on January 1 of 1863 and freed all slaves in confederate territory.

black males rapidly began to enlist in Union armies after the Emancipation Proclamation.

most widespread Native American group in the west; very diverse group of tribes and language groups.

metaphorical magnet that gathered hunters and guided routes; provided the economic basis for the plains Indians.

area in southern Montana that in 1876 where George A. Custer and 264 members were surprised by tribal warriors who managed to kill every man.

December 29, 1890. Was the last battle of the Amer-Indian War; A scuffle over black coyote's rifle led to the killing of 150 men, women and children.

Dawes Severality Act of 1887 provided for gradual elimination of tribal ownership of land and the allotment of track to individual owners.

William C. Quantrill became captain in the confederate army after organizing a group of fighters.