Pope Gregory was not only a reformer of the Church and theologian, but was the first pope to break free of Byzantine control and establish an autonomous, Western-oriented Latin church.
True
In Byzantine schools, classical Greek literature was
the basis of the curriculum, with much study of the epics of Homer.
The pandemic known as Justinian's plague spread rapidly through the eastern and western part of the Roman Empire because it
traveled along well-established trade routes both within and outside the empire.
Charlemagne regularly chose the bishops in his empire.
True
Which was the most significant event in creating Byzantine hostility toward the Latin Christian world?
the coronation of Charlemagne as Roman emperor on Christmas Day, 800
By the seventh century, western Europe had become a more fluid economy in which luxury goods and coinage circulated, albeit to differing degrees, among all levels of society.
False
One result of the campaigns of Belisarius in North Africa and Italy was:
the weakening of Constantinople against the Sassanids
Why did Justinian try to reconquer the western Roman Empire?
He sought to revive and reconstruct wholly the old empire.
The Qur'an contains
the revelations sent by God to Muhammad.
The word Islam means:
submission
In their worship of Allah, Muslims worship
the same deity worshiped by Christians and Jews.
The Shiite claim to legitimacy rests on the direct connection to Muhammad through his daughter
Fatimah
By 1000, Vikings had reached North America.
True
The Carolingian Empire collapsed during the ninth century:
because of the division of the empire among all the legitimate heirs of Louis and the Frankish aristocracy's dissatisfaction with the fractured central authority.
After 750 C.E., the Umayyad dynasty abandoned Spain and focused its rule in Damascus.
False
The overall unity of the Muslim world disintegrated during the tenth and eleventh centuries because of
increasing intolerance of regional and ethnic differences of practice and belief within Islam.
Although the Iconoclastic Controversy was eventually resolved, its lasting effects included the
destruction of nearly all pre-eighth-century religious art in the Byzantine empire.
The people who took advantage of the weakness of Italy due to Justinian's policies of reconquest were the:
Lombards
One of the few rulers to successfully defend his lands against the Vikings was
Alfred
Byzantine culture was the means by which the heritage of Western civilization was preserved for the Europe where Greek had become very rare.
True
Leo III's support of iconoclasm may have been driven by a desire to
strengthen the emperor's control over the Church at the expense of monastic control.
Justinian's longest lasting reform was the
organization and codification of Roman law.
Sufism is a mystical sect of Judaism whose members stressed contemplation and ecstasy.
False
The stability of Byzantine government was the product of:
an efficient bureaucracy.
A long-term result of Boniface anointing Pepin on behalf of the papacy was that
the power of kings was theoretically limited.
Why did the Romans of Italy and North Africa resent Justinian's efforts to liberate them?
There was a heavy cost in taxes and lives.
Within Islam, social mobility was encouraged because of
the teachings of Muhammad, which stressed the equality of all Muslim men.
The early Byzantine religion was known for its:
intense interest in matters of doctrine and orthodoxy.
A pandemic broke out in 541-42 which has come to be known as:
the Justinianic Plague.
Most people in the early Middle Ages facilitated economic transactions by using
food and labor
The Umayyads of Al-Andalus and the Abbasids of Persia competed for dominance through
trying to surpass each other in support of literary and artistic production.
In comparison to the Umayyad, the Abbasid caliphate
adopted more of the style of Persian royal absolutism.
The Merovingian dynasty in France traced its origin back to Clovis's legendary grandfather, Merovech, who was believed to be
a sea monster
The Byzantine church of Hagia Sophia was influential in the history of architecture because it
placed a massive dome on a building with a square shape.
In the late sixth century C.E., the economy of Arabia:
became much more commercially sophisticated as a result of the wars between Byzantium and Persia changing trade routes.
The Byzantine economy in the early Middle Ages was:
highly regulated, including wage and price controls.
Many of the local populations in Byzantium and Persia:
viewed the Arab armies as deliverers.
As a Christian king responsible for ruling a Christian society, Charlemagne:
took responsibility for reforming the religious life of his kingdom just as he reformed its government.
Once they conquered a territory, Viking populations
assimilated quickly within local populations.
Spain was largely abandoned by Islam as a cultural backwater.
False
It is difficult to date the beginning of Byzantine history with precision because:
the Byzantine Empire was the uninterrupted successor of the Roman Empire.
Byzantine monasteries were deeply involved in the Iconoclastic Controversy because:
they were major producers of icons, so they supported the use of images in the faith
Opportunity for advancement in Islamic cultures ideally depended on
one's ability and one's talent.
Islam is a religion without sacraments or priests.
True
Charlemagne was able to contain Umayyad power in Europe by:
maintaining diplomatic and trade relations with its rival the Abbasid Caliphate.
The Shiite party arose among Muslims because
of a dispute about the proper succession of caliphs in seventh-century Arabia.
The economic base of the Abbasid caliphate lay in
the Tigris-Euphrates basin of Mesopotamia.
Why were so many convents (monastic houses for women) founded during the seventh century C.E.?
Convents met a variety of social and spiritual needs for aristocratic families.
Sexual relations within upper-class Muslim society around the year 1000 differed from classical Greek and Roman patterns because
Muslim men were permitted to have more than one wife, whereas Greek and Roman men were not.
An important figure who founded several Merovingian monasteries was:
Columbanus.
Women from wealthy Byzantine families
were educated at home by tutors, but did engage in more public intellectual discussions.
Islam created its own culture and actively destroyed the artifacts of those civilizations that came before them.
False
The armies of Abu-Bakr were able to expand Islam northward out of Arabia largely because of:
the weakness of Byzantine and Persian armies because of their wars against each other.
Pope Gregory I:
significantly advanced Benedictine monasticism as the major monastic movement in the West.
Scandinavian traders turned to raiding because
instability in the Abbasid empire had made travel on their traditional trade routes difficult.
Charles Martel is regarded as one of the founders of the Frankish kingdom due to his defeat of a Muslim force near Paris.
True
The Byzantine empire was never stable because of the intrigue and violence that constantly occurred at the imperial court.
False
The Vikings are generally regarded as being a destructive force in European history
but such a view may not be correct in light of the principalities they established across northern Europe.
One factor in the success of cities in Arabia was the protracted wars between the Byzantine empire and Persia, which made the Arabian trade routes safer than the northern ones.
True
