History Test- Latin America

Paintings intended to demonstrate the class system in Latin America

Appeared to a boy, and was native like him

The Church of Santo Domingo was built on this to show superiority over the Inca

The idea that all of South America could be governed as a single country and governed as one

African and European

Spanish people born in Spain

Spanish people born in Latin America

Europeans and Amerindians

When Pizzaro conquered Atahualpa and the Inca

Native Latin Americans

During the Inca Empire, when all were in the same class level and if a person was sick or injured they would be cared for by the community

If there were extra crops, these were stored in case of emergencies

Year of the fall of the Aztec empire

These were used by the Inca for record keeping.

Most of the colonies were independent by this year

capital of Aztec empire, now Mexico city

-Crossed from Hispaniola (West Indies) to mainland mexico in seard of gold -launched the conquest of Aztec Mexico

-Part of Huitzillopochtli religion -constant sacrificing and warfare -lead to Aztec revolt, reconquest, and resentment

-"turn" or "rotation" -every seventh household had to take a turn sending men to the mines

-capital city of Incan empire, where imperial government was -in civil war at time of Spanish invasion

-The "first" person to discover Americas -Was trying to reach Asia

-the trade of plants, animals, and diseases between the Old and New Worlds

-"conquerer" -refers to Spanish soldier-explorers who sought to conquer the New world for the Spanish Crown

-superior weapons -horses (scary to natives) -had battle experience -history of learning and studying previous battles

conquered Atahualpa and the Inca

-Aztec noblewoman who was sold to a Mayan merchant and learned how to speak the Mayan language -Cortes' translator -considered traitor to some

-ruler of Aztecs during time of Cortes -conquered

-ruler of the Inca Empire -conquered by Pizarro

-economic system -colonies exist for benefit of mother country -money system is weight of gold and silver

-one fifth of all precious metals mined in the Americas belong to the Crown

-crown granted conquerers the right to employ groups of Amerindians -disguised form of slavery

-main money supply in Americas -very dangerous but profitable

-city where the largest silver mine in South America was located

-huge bureaucracy in Spain that watched over American colonies

-four administrative units of Spanish possessions in the Americas

-imperial governor of viceroyalties who had broad military and civil authority -the Spanish sovereign's direct representatives

New Spain, Peru, New Granada, La Plata

-twelve to fifteen judges who served as an advisory council and highest judicial body

-local officials who held judicial and military power

-converted Amerinians -taught agriculture -hospitals, schools -brought natives into Spanish orbit

Spanish missionary who wrote about how the spanish were murdering thousands of natives

-influenced by Bartolome de las Casas -written by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and king of Spain -says you can no longer have encomiendas (at least, no new ones) -says you cannot enslave any Indios

-mestizo who had a very successful trading business -appealed to viceroy and king for the end of mita, and audiencia in Cuzco, native representation in audiencia -when they did not listen, began a series of executions of corregidores -captured and executed as he attempts seige of Cuzco

-mercantilist system does not benefit colonial economies -protective tariffs imposed by Spain cripple Creole merchants -Creoles dissatisfied with lack of government jobs they received -inspired by US independence -native people wanted change -pure length of colonial period (~300 years)

-"Latin American George Washington" -president of Gran Columbia in 1819 -dreamed of Pan-Americanism -won independence for Latin America

-difficulty acheiving political stability -Creole leaders had no experience -military became most powerful in many nations, were not afraid to interfere in civil affairs -social hierarchy stayed the same even after independence