sympathetic to French republican ideals.
In 1800, Republicans could be described as
remained largely unaltered from the norm.
In the new republic, traditional gender relations
Displace the Indians and clear the way for permanent American settlements in Ohio.
Which of the following best describes the U.S. government's early policy toward Indians in the Northwest Territory?
They became fearful that the rebellion might spread to American shores.
How did the Haitian Revolution of 1791-1804 affect white Americans?
three unnamed French agents sent by Talleyrand to meet with American commissioners.
X, Y, and Z were the code names for
Hamilton supported the commercial elite and admired the British.
During the 1790s, a rift developed between Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson partly because
was a protest by grain farmers against the excise tax on whiskey.
The Whiskey Rebellion
construction of a pan-Indian confederacy.
Tecumseh's most impressive achievement was probably his
virtuous, independent farmer who owned and worked his land both for himself and for the market.
According to Thomas Jefferson, the source of true freedom in America was the
was the one aspect of family law that had changed since the eighteenth century and, while difficult to obtain, was possible in most states.
By 1820, divorce in the United States
package of protective tariffs to promote manufacturing and federal expenditures for internal improvements.
Henry Clay's American System was a
an unprecedented five candidates seeking the support of one political party.
The presidential election of 1824 was complicated by
as property themselves, slaves could not enter into contractual obligations, including marriage.
Slave marriages were not governed by the unequal power relationships characteristic of white marriages because
seventeen northern congressmen voted with their southern colleagues in the interest of sectional political harmony.
The Missouri Compromise of 1820 was successful in the House of Representatives only because
establishing good relations with many Indian tribes and collecting valuable information on the peoples, plants, animals, and geography of the region.
The exploration of the Spanish and Indian territory west of the Mississippi River by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark was successful in
they affronted a rigid cultural norm by speaking in public and presuming to instruct men.
Angelina Grimké, Sarah Grimké, and Maria Stewart, women lecturers who conveyed a powerful antislavery message, encountered hostility in the North because
forced Native Americans to relocate west of the Mississippi and opened up about 100 million acres of land for white settlers.
In 1830, President Jackson convinced Congress to pass legislation that
comparatively low-paying work performed by women at home.
In the 1820s and 1830s, shoebinding, an important component of shoe manufacturing, was
brought increasing numbers of people out of old patterns of rural self-sufficiency into the wider realm of national market relations.
The market revolution experienced by Americans after the War of 1812
excluding members of political factions that were not loyal to him.
Andrew Jackson set an important political precedent when he selected his cabinet by
the Liberator, an abolitionist newspaper advocating an immediate end to slavery.
In 1831, William Lloyd Garrison launched
a faith that people and societies can shape their own destinies.
A hallmark of the Jacksonian era was
being injured or killed by the frequent boiler explosions.
The most horrifying hazard faced by people traveling on steamboats in the early nineteenth century was
an increase in agricultural productivity.
The most important factor behind the phenomenal American economic growth that occurred between 1840 and 1860 was
entered at the bottom rung of the free-labor ladder as wage laborers or domestic servants.
In contrast to the Germans, Irish immigrants in the 1840s and 1850s often
women's rights and suffrage.
The convention at Seneca Falls in 1848 advocated
public schools were integrated in Massachusetts.
In 1855, African American leaders saw their most notable success to date when
via the underground railroad.
Behind the scenes, Harriet Tubman and other free blacks helped fugitive slaves escape from the South
came from a privileged, slaveholding family.
Mary Todd Lincoln
Germany or Ireland
A large influx of immigrants arrived in America between the years 1840 and 1860; three-fourths of them came from either
were persecuted by non-Mormons because of their religious practices and were forced to move on.
Prior to emigrating west to the Great Salt Lake, Mormons
workers were in limited supply and thus more expensive.
Unlike European manufacturers in the first half of the nineteenth century, American manufacturers were spurred to invent labor-saving methods and devices because
steam engines began to be used as an energy source.
During the 1840s and 1850s, U.S. factories were able to become more productive because
newly arrived European immigrants tended to settle in the North.
Because the South lacked economic diversity,
75 %
By 1860, what percentage of the world's supply of cotton was produced in the southern United States?
state legislatures failed to provide many essential services, and planters saw no need to educate their workforce.
As late as 1850, there were no statewide public school systems in the South because
she could have the responsibility of managing servants, directing the slave hospital, and supervising the henhouse and dairy.
The southern lady has been idealized in history; in reality
was an interpretation of the Christian message that emphasized justice and salvation for all.
African American Christianity, created by slaves themselves,
blaming the revolt on outside agitators.
After the violence of Nat Turner's rebellion, white Virginians reassured themselves by
of its climate and geography.
The cultivation of cotton was well suited to the South because
rice
The staple crop in the tidewater area from the Carolina's into Georgia, which required canals, dikes, and huge numbers of slaves, was
combined barter, networks of exchange, and mutual assistance.
The economy of the upcountry South typically
the southern institution of slavery.
In 1831, a French visitor to the United States, Alexis de Tocqueville, astutely observed that the major differences between the North and South revolved around
Stephen A. Douglas won a senate seat, but Abraham Lincoln became nationally known.
As a result of the Lincoln-Douglas debates,
Dred Scott could not legally claim violation of his constitutional rights because he was not a citizen of the United States.
In the 1857 Dred Scott decision, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that
championing a free-soil solution to slavery by urging Congress to admit California and New Mexico to the Union as free states.
When Zachary Taylor became president in 1849, he enraged Southerners by
reassuring and conciliatory toward the South on the issue of slavery but firm and inflexible concerning the perpetuity of the Union.
In his first inaugural address, Abraham Lincoln was
they simply did not have as great a stake in slavery as the states in the Lower South.
The slave states of the Upper South were not as quick to secede from the Union after Lincoln's election because
from out of state invaded Kansas, to control the election through fraud and intimidation.
Early in the struggle to win Kansas, proslavery supporters
was neither a true compromise nor a final settlement of all the issues it addressed.
The Compromise of 1850
were less successful than the Democrats in bridging differences between Northern and Southern views.
The Whigs lost the election of 1852 because they
because it was a compelling novel and a vehicle for a stirring moral indictment of slavery.
Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852) influenced Northerners' attitudes toward slavery.
he needed southern support to pass his legislation, the price of which was opening up the Nebraska territory to the possibility of slavery.
In 1854, Stephen A. Douglas sponsored the Kansas-Nebraska Act and included a section repealing the Missouri Compromise because
doubted his right under the Constitution to tamper with the "domestic institutions" of any state, even those in rebellion.
When the Civil War broke out, President Lincoln chose not to make the conflict a struggle over slavery because he
had reached a stalemate
At the end of 1862, the eastern theater of the Civil War
an attack on the best government on earth and a severe challenge to the rule of law.
Typically, Northerners viewed secession as
Confederates firing on Fort Sumter in Charleston harbor in April 1861.
In 1861, armed hostilities between the North and South began officially with
nurses on the battlefield and behind the lines.
Dorothea Dix and Clara Barton are both known for their Civil War efforts as
because he considered emancipation to be "a military necessity, absolutely essential to the preservation of the Union.
Abraham Lincoln wrote the Emancipation Proclamation
the South had enthusiasm and a resourceful Ordinance Bureau but lacked the resources available to the North.
When it came to supplying the Confederate armies,
employing various means to undermine white mastery and expand control over their own lives
Slaves increasingly used the chaos and turmoil of the Civil War to whittle away at their bondage by
exempted from military service one white man on every plantation with twenty or more slaves.
During the Civil War, the "twenty-Negro law" enraged many white Southerners because it
"gave up all idea of saving the Union except by complete conquest."
After the battle at Shiloh Church, Tennessee, in April 1862, General Ulysses S. Grant stated that he
helped to encourage Westerners to be loyal to the Union.
In 1862, the Homestead Act
southern Democrats accepted a Republican president in exchange for federal subsidies and the removal of federal troops from the South.
In the Compromise of 1877,
made discrimination in state laws illegal.
The Civil Rights Act of 1866
restricted freedmen's economic opportunities and civil rights.
During the Reconstruction era, southern black codes
effectively ended Johnson's interference in reconstruction.
The impeachment trial of President Andrew Johnson
employers were prohibited from using physical punishment, although the army could discipline blacks who refused to work.
The army's system of compulsory free labor in the South during and after the Civil War differed from the slave labor system in that wages were paid and
extended black male suffrage to the entire nation.
The Fifteenth Amendment
giving Congress the right to reduce a state's representation in that body if the state refused to give all of its adult male population, including ex-slaves, the right to vote.
The Fourteenth Amendment dealt with voting rights for blacks by
federal protection, land of their own, and voting rights.
When Union general Carl Schurz undertook a fact-finding mission to the ex-Confederate states in the summer of 1865, he determined that newly freed blacks would need
made discrimination in state laws illegal.
The Civil Rights Act of 1866
was largely imperialist in nature.
During Ulysses S. Grant's administration, U.S. foreign policy
