History of Jazz Exam 2

Trumpet: main melody Clarinet: harmonic/melodic embellishment Trombone: bass line in "tailgate" style (lots of slides)

Bass instrument: tuba or double bass or bass sax, or left hand of the piano Chording instrument: piano, banjo, or guitar - mostly flat four style Drums: beat was kept on snare drum ; Wood blocks were used in recordings

Several musicians play improvised music at the same time (polyphonic texture)

red-light district in New Orleans

musicians traveled to chicago where there was work, leads to speakeasys and the jazz ago

used a wax cylinder that picked up sound waves using a needle

jazz piano style with ragtime roots (mm-bop left hand and crazy right hand)

tenents of over-priced slum apartments would throw parties before the rent was due to earn money for rent; usually a stride pianist would play

a pre-modern jazz piano style ; repetitive left hand bass that uses eight sixteenth note patterns

using syllables instead of words to improvise singing

the first "Cornet King"; made the "front line" of the jazz band popular

Had a band called "King" Oliver's Creole Jazz Band ; Oliver's playing style influenced Armstrong

Played second trumpet for Joe Oliver's Band; Often called the "father of Jazz" Born in New Orleans; Popularized scat singing

Offered listeners an approach that contrasted Armstrong's; Played the cornet; White guy from Iowa

Pianist, composer, arranger, and band leader from New Orleans; Bridged that gap between the piano styles of ragtime and jazz; Was the first important jazz composer

Was part of east coast jazz piano tradition One of the first jazz musicians to broadcast on the radio Considered "father of stride piano"

one of most popular jazz pianists; wrote "jitterbug waltz"; best at improvising in the stride style

"brassy sound" on piano, played really hard and phrased like a trumpeter

both play competing melodies at the same time

Played by combination of instruments drawn from different sections

Hot band- Afro-American musicians; Driving swing; More improvisation;Count Basie Orchestra Sweet Band- White musicians ; Stiff swing feel ; More arrangement; Glenn Miller Orchestra Crossover BB - AA musicians integrated into white band

group of musicians hired to go around to small cities in mid-west and play; often bands got "mixed up"

a band arrangement that was made up by musicians and not written down; a spontaneous series of riffs played by all performers in a concert

a short simple musical phrase - theme statements and background for solos

musicians get together and improvise on well known songs

A place where musicians would meet to have jam sessions Hired a rhythm section to play for musicians

American Federation of Musicians ban members from recording now Instrumental music Popular singers take the place of instrumental music By 1942, all efforts of common citizens went to war effect

pianist and composer; created first big band and was very commercially successful; first black musician to be hired by white band

bandleader of longest lasting big band, piano (stride style), composer - very creative, took jazz into the field of "extended works"; Growl style of trumpet and trombone

Played clarinet - led best known big band of late 30's; "king of Swing"; first jazz musician to play at Carnegie Hall

stride pianist; used silence to pace his lines; had a famous big band

Basie, W. Page, F.Green, J.Jones - excellent sense of tempo, relaxed playing at high tempos

arranger for ellington's band

arranger for fletcher henderson's band

most influential of 1930's pianists, lightened up left hand of piano

lightened up left hand in piano; more comping and variety; organized a lot of Billie holiday's stuff

piano player from Toledo, OH, Reharmonization (chord substitution); amazing speed but made it look easy

"father of the jazz tenor saxophone" ; nickname = the bean; interested in chord progression; complicated style

basie's best soloist - the "prez" of the tenor sax; no vibrato, offered an alternative to coleman hawkins

Trumpet; a link between swing and modern jazz; Sax-like lines

played jazz guitar - development of bebop

evolved from improv clubs like Mintons; more about the art and music rather than entertainment and dancing; musicians weeded out people who couldn't play it (level goes up)

small combo; faster tempo; showing off their talent was important to musicians; improvation and surprise valued highly; a lot like modern jazz today

taking an already written chord progression and adding new melodies

Inovation of bebop; played sax; from kansas city; ability to do double time

trumpet player who worked on same ideas as C. Parker; has a bob-style big band; cuban music