History of jazz Exam 1

by Jelly Roll Morton

Composed by W.C. Handy

first jazz recording. by The Original Dixieland Jass Band

by Joe "King" Oliver

by James P. Johnson

by Kid Ory

by Scott Joplin

movement from N.O. to Chicago

Red Light District of New Orleans. (prostitution was legalized)

place where slaves gathered in Sundays to dance, sing, and play native African instruments in New Orleans

originally owned by French, then given to Spanish, then given to US in Louisiana Purchase

1920s era of jazz and wealth

marched by day to advertise, played dances at night to make $$. American popular music

group of singers that popularized spirituals

piano style with a syncopated melody that led to Jazz

jazz piano where left hand is extremely active and right hand plays the melody

12 bars

often backed up by jazz players; Mamie Smith

European hymns with African musical elements (shout & call)

after Haitian refugees came blacks were segregated into separate communities; many were very cultured and studied abroad in Europe

jazz pianist/composer from N.O.

legendary trumpet/cornet player from N.O.

all white, 1st jazz recording & formed in new Orleans

cornet player from N.O. influence by Joe Oliver

sang blues

maple leaf rag ~ragtime piano

country blues, ex: Sweet Home Chicago

had to use woodblock instead of drums

trumpet, trombone, clarinet combined polyphonically

banjo, tuba, drums

creates tension; relatively harsh

relieves tension; relatively pleasing

rate of speed in music

long note (2 8th notes combined), short note (1 8th note) repeated

making it up as you go

style of music comprised of improvisation, swing feel and often syncopation

degrees of how loud or soft

the thematic structure of a piece of music **(12 bar blues, 32 bar A-A-B-A, "rhythm changes," head arrangement)**

the quality created by the combination of different elements **3 types~ monophonic (single line even if two+ instruments are playing), homophonic (melody with accompaniment), polyphonic (three or more independent lines of equal importance)**

quality or color of a given sound (ex: raspy, clear, muffled...)

the study of chords & how they behave

the changing of the normal metric accent to an unexpected place

the orderly movement of music in time

a short, catchy jazz phrase

a series of pitches (notes) that comprise a musical thought

distinct group of notes forming a complete thought in a longer piece of music

progression of musical chords of the same root

most important ragtime and early jazz chordal instrument

style that exemplifies polyphonic texture