apartheld
"apartness," the system of racial segregation in South Africa from the 1950s until 1991
AIDS
acquired immune deficiency syndrome; caused by the HIV virus that is spread through bodily fluids and weakens the body's immune system; AIDS is a worldwide problem
Pan-Africanism
the unity of all black Africans, regardless of national boundaries
goal
an aim or a purpose
diverse
varied and not alike
Ghana
Gold Coast; a republic in West Africa on the Gulf of Guinea
Kwame Nkrumah
founder of Ghana's independence movement and Ghana's first priesident
South Africa
a republic at the southernmost part of Africa
Jomo Kenyatta
Leader of colonial opposition in Kenya
Kenya
a republic in eastern Africa
Julius Nyerere
Tanzania
Liberia
a republic in West Africa
Nigeria
a republic in West Africa on the Gulf of Guinea
Rwanda
a landlocked republic in central Africa
Democratic Republic of the Congo
a republic in central Africa
Sudan
a republic in northeastern Africa on the Red Sea
Nelson Mandela
South African statesman who was released from prison to become the nation's first democratically elected president in 1994 (born in 1918)
Desmond Tutu
a Nobel Peace Prize winner; also a Bishop
Chinua Achebe
Author of Things Fall Apart
Noni Jabavu
Author of The Ochre People
Pan-Arabism
Arab unity, regardless of national boundaries
intifada
"uprising," militant movement that arose during the 1980s among supporters of the Palestine Liberation Organization living in Israel
resolution
an expression of opinion or intent
Zionists
an international movement originally for the establishment of a Jewish national or religious community in Palestine and later for the support of modern Israel
Israel
Jewish republic in southwestern Asia at eastern end of Mediterranean
Gamal Abdel Nasser
Egyptian statesman/colonel who nationalized the Suez Canal
Sinai Peninsula
a peninsula in northeastern Egypt
West Bank
an area between Israel and Jordan on the west bank of the Jordan river
Anwar el-Sadat
Egyptian leader after Nasser
OPEC
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries; formed to control the price of oil
Menachem Begin
Israeli Prime Minister who signed the Camp David Accords in 1979
Yasir Arafat
leader of the Palestinian Liberation Organization and his goal was the destruction of Israel
Iran
a theocratic islamic republic in the Middle East in western Asia
Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini
a member of the Muslim clergy
Iraq
a republic in the Middle East in western Asia
Saddam Hussein
Iraqi leader who waged war against Iran
Kuwait
an Arab kingdom in Asia on the northwestern coast of the Persian Gulf
Persian Gulf
a shallow arm of the Arabian Sea between Iran and the Arabian peninsula
Osama bin Laden
Arab terrorist who established al-Qaeda
al-Qaeda
the Base, which recuited Muslims to drive Westerners out of nations with a largely Muslim population
Naguib Mahfouz
Egyptian author of Cairo Trilogy
