Geology 1113 Unit 2 HW Questions

Compaction will be the most significant lithification process for which of the following rocks?

Which rock is the most abundant chemical sedimentary rock?

________ processes such as evaporation and chemical activity can precipitate chemical sediments.

________ is a biochemical sedimentary rock that often forms in carbonate reefs.

________ is the process where calcium ions in limestone are replaced with magnesium or small amounts of iron.

Which rock type can contain fossils?

________ are fragments of pre-existing materials that have been broken down through the processes of weathering.

________ is the process where sediments are converted into a sedimentary rock.

What is diagenesis?

Which of the following mudstones displays fissility?

Which environment would be likely to produce a black shale?

Which of the following best describes the appearance and composition of a conglomerate?

Which of the following represents the single most common and characteristic feature of sedimentary rocks?

A ________ marks the end of one episode of sedimentation and the beginning of another.

A ________ describes how, when a sedimentary layer is examined in cross-section laterally, various parts of the layer consist of different sediments accumulating next to each other in different environments of deposition.

The primary basis for classifying detrital rocks is ________ whereas the primary basis for classifying chemical rocks is ________.

________ is the process where a rock changes form or mineral content as a result of environmental changes such as heat and pressure.

Which of the following is the parent rock for quartzite?

If clay minerals were buried at a depth where subsurface temperatures exceed 200°C, which mineral are they likely to become?

Which of the following lists of metamorphic rocks places the rocks in order from lowest metamorphic grade to highest?

Which of the following rocks represents the highest grade of metamorphism?

What kind of force will create foliation in metamorphic rocks?

Which style of metamorphism will be generated by a mantle plume?

________ metamorphism tends to occur in regions where massive amounts of sedimentary or volcanic materials accumulate in a subsiding basin.

In which geologic setting is the most widespread occurrence of hydrothermal metamorphism?

________ is a widespread type of metamorphism typically associated with mountain building.

Which tectonic boundary is associated with regional metamorphism?

________ are materials that are good indicators of the metamorphic environment in which they formed and can be used to distinguish between various zones of metamorphism.

What is a metamorphic facies?

Along which type of tectonic boundary will greenschists and blueschists form?

A(n) ________ facies is associated with a high pressure, low temperature environment.

Metamorphic rocks can sometimes contain unusually large grains surrounded by a fine-grained matrix of other minerals. These large crystals are called ________.

What is a fossil?

A mammoth frozen in the Arctic tundra of Siberia would be an example of which type of fossilization?

A worm burrow is an example of which type of fossilization?

What is correlation?

When correlating rock between widely separated areas or between continents, what feature do geologists rely on the most?

What is an index fossil?

What is an isotope?

What era are we currently in?

________ is a term used to define 88% of Earth's history prior to the start of the Paleozoic Era.

What is the definition of relative dating?

The oldest is on the bottom, the youngest on top

Sedimentary layers/lava flows are deposited in flat layers

Rock extend in all directions until they reach the edge of a basin or pinch out

Faults, fractures are younger than the rocks they cut through

Missing time

Chunks of weathered rock are older than the rock they are contained in

________ is the compass direction of the line produced by the intersection of an inclined rock layer with a horizontal plane.

________ is the angle of inclination of the surface of a rock unit measured from a horizontal plane.

Which tectonic boundary would have many normal faults associated with it?

A ________ fault is created when the hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall.

Faults that exhibit both dip-slip and strike slip movement are called ________ faults.

________ refers to the changes in shape or position of a rock body in response to differential stress.

Which tectonic boundary is associated with compressional stress?

Forces pull apart from each other

Forces move toward each other

Forces slide past each other

Rocks will change shape due to pressure, but return to their original state when pressure is released

Rocks will change shape permanently due to pressure

Rocks will shatter due to pressure

A ________ is a circular fold where the youngest layers are in the middle and the oldest layers are on the outside.

How will the outcrop pattern of a plunging syncline be oriented?

A(n) ________ fold has limbs that are tilted beyond the vertical to the point that the axial plane is horizontal.

Which of the following best describes the age relationship of the layers in an anticline?

You are watching TV with a friend when there is a special bulletin about a city in California being devastated by an earthquake. The news anchor reports that the epicenter of the earthquake is 45 miles east of Los Angeles. How would you explain the definition of the epicenter to your geologically impaired friend?

The elastic rebound associated with earthquakes is an example of ________ deformation.

________ are smaller earthquakes of lesser magnitude that follow a major earthquake.

Which tectonic boundary is associated with megathrust faults?

Which tectonic boundary is responsible for the most powerful and destructive earthquakes recorded?

What is the term used to describe slow, gradual displacement along a fault without the accumulation of significant strain?

________ is a measurement of displacement on the fault surface.

Which seismic wave will be released first during an earthquake?

Generally speaking, which seismic waves will have the greatest amplitude on a seismogram?

This body wave is a compressional wave.

This body wave is a shear wave

This surface wave moves from side to side.

This surface wave moves up and down.

Liquefaction will ________.

Where is the zone of greatest seismic activity on Earth?

Which of the following best describes a seismic gap?