Federal Government Unit 3

The various attitudes that citizens possess toward political issues, events, and people are called

A political ideology is best defined as

Liberalism and conservatism are good examples of

The difference between a political value and a political attitude is that

The process by which underlying political values are formed is known as

Which of the following statements about agencies of socialization is incorrect?

The term gender gap refers to

One who supports women's reproductive rights and opposes state involvement with religious institutions would be best described as a(n)

Conservatives are more likely than liberals to support

______ is the core political value most highly prized by American conservatives.

The United States is a nation without political ideologies.

Most Americans are unified in their belief in the principles of liberty, equality, and democracy.

Less than 50 percent of Americans believe that gay Americans should have equal employment rights.

Families, social groups, and schools are important institutions where people are politically socialized.

During the formation of an individual's initial political orientation, the influence of family counts for very little.

Differences in opinion can be influenced by one's gender.

Levels of education have not been shown to affect one's political opinions.

Liberal and conservative ideologies are clear and well-defined doctrines of thought.

Political ideologies do not always provide us with a clear opinion on particular policies.

Think tanks are not usually important actors in developing and spreading political ideas.

The main problem with voting as a form of political participation is

What percentage of eligible voters participated in the 2008 presidential election?

Which of the following statements accurately describes the percentage of Americans voting in presidential elections since 1960?

The American political community is defined as

Which of the following is NOT a non-electoral form of political activity?

What is the main difference between voting and lobbying?

When Mothers Against Drunk Driving started raising awareness for their cause by distributing a newsletter and giving speeches at the meetings of local community groups, it was engaged in

Which of the following was not an important part of the movement to expand civil rights for African Americans?

What is one reason that political parties and politicians view Latinos as a critically important group?

What tendency of Americans did nineteenth-century writer Alexis de Tocqueville identify as distinctive of our democratic culture?

Since the 1800s, the American political community has become narrower and less inclusive.

Voter registration was instituted to make it harder to vote.

Young people are more likely to participate in politics than older people.

Education is not a good predictor of who participates in politics.

Religious groups have acted as important institutions of political mobilization over the past two decades.

Women are more likely than men to vote for Republicans.

Latino voters have traditionally voted Democratic.

The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) led the organized protests against the civil rights movement and desegregation.

Poll taxes and literacy tests were used by southern states to prevent African Americans from voting

Many states used to have property requirements for those wanting to vote.

Which famous American, in his farewell address, encouraged his fellow citizens to shun partisan politics?

Which of the following is the best description of a political party?

Internal mobilization occurs when

The establishment of the Republican Party is a good example of

Which of the following parties originated from internal mobilization?

The program of Reconstruction after the Civil War was led by the ______ Party.

The New Deal coalition was severely strained and ultimately broken apart by

"Me too" Republicanism refers to

Which of the following is NOT an argument in favor of establishing a multiparty system in the United States?

A party's ______ contains its philosophy, principles, and policy positions.

The first political parties in the United States were the Democratic and the Republican.

George Washington believed that the establishment of the two-party system would act as a bulwark of liberty for the United States.

America's first national parties were the result of internal mobilization.

There have been six party systems in U.S. history.

The Whig Party's period of political domination came right after the Civil War.

The New Deal Coalition broke down during the 1960s.

Since the 1960s, the government has largely characterized party politics in the United States.

Most third parties in the United States today originated during the nineteenth century.

Most electoral districts in the United States are multimember districts.

Each major party's national committee is responsible for nominating its party's candidates for all federal offices.

What is the main difference between elections in a democracy and elections under an authoritarian regime?

Primary elections were introduced by the ______ in order to weaken the power of party leaders.

When are national elections held in the United States?

Which of the following political officers are subject to recall elections?

Plurality and majority systems tend to

The result produced when voters cast a ballot for the president and then automatically vote for the remainder of that party's candidates is called the

How many times in American history has the presidential candidate who won the most popular votes not been selected by the electoral college?

Campaign consultants do all of the following except

Who is the major audience for contemporary national conventions?

Which of the following has increased the ability of candidates to raise small contributions from tens of thousands of donors?

The introduction of primary elections was meant to weaken political parties.

By 2006, all fifty states had established referendums.

No sitting politician has been recalled from office since the 1930s.

Most national elections in the United States use a system of proportional representation.

Redistricting was declared unconstitutional in the 1963 case Gray v. Sanders.

Denying an individual the right to vote through literacy tests and poll taxes is called gerrymandering.

The electoral college is a form of indirect voting.

The electoral college cannot elect any candidate who has not also won the popular vote.

Incumbents usually have an easier time successfully campaigning for office than non incumbents.

Party conventions are held once every four years.

The best description of the ideal of pluralism is that

It is difficult for political scientists to categorize unrepresented interests because

A benefit that is sought by an interest group and that once achieved cannot be denied to nonmembers is called a

If one enjoys the benefits of a group's collective efforts but did not contribute to those efforts, one is called a

Successful interest groups quickly become

Why is it important for interest groups to offer selective benefits?

Which of the following groups is most likely to belong to the New Politics movement?

Lobbying is

In the world of lobbyists, to be "Microsofted" has come to mean a company has

When interest groups generate phony letters and phone calls in order to resemble a grassroots movement, this technique is called

Alexis de Tocqueville believed that the proliferation of groups was detrimental to a democracy.

Money swapping is legal and is easy to prove.

Grassroots lobbying has become a common practice in government over the past several decades.

The iron triangle is a relationship that is established through repeated litigation of class-action suits.

Interest groups are prohibited by federal law from lobbying administrative agencies.

Except for laws against bribery, lobbyists are shielded from any legal regulations of their activities.

The New Politics movement led to the proliferation of public interest groups in the 1970s.

Interest groups tend to proliferate at times when government is shrinking.

Interest groups have been a successful way to politically mobilize the poor and working classes in the United States.

In order to increase enrollment, interest groups try to provide members with benefits that are unavailable to anyone else.

The term public opinion is used to describe

The complex set of beliefs and values that, as a whole, form a general philosophy about the government is called

The "spiral of silence" describes the phenomenon of

What did James Madison identify as the greatest source of political conflict for the Untied States?

The ability of citizens to influence their government through an awareness of and interest in politics is called

Interest groups often spend time and money trying to shape public opinion.

Calling randomly selected phone numbers is a good way for pollsters to reduce sampling errors.

Push polling is a trend that has been decreasing over the years.

The illusion of saliency can give politicians the mistaken impression that certain opinions are very important to people.

Under the United States' political system, public policy will always coincide with the state of public opinion.

The rioting during the 1999 WTO meeting in Seattle is a reminder of how

Litigation can be a form of participation in which people

What is the best explanation for the fact that Latinos have tended to favor Democratic Party candidates in national elections?

An example of the phenomenon called the "gender gap" would be that

One explanation for the level of political participation that points to the characteristics of individuals as an important factor in determining the level of political participation is

Rioting has been a rare form of political activity in the United States.

Voting is the only form of political participation open to most Americans.

Public relations and litigation can be forms of political activity.

Participation in elections has decreased significantly since 2000.

Suffragettes were women protesting for the right to vote.

Throughout its history, American politics has been dominated by

The Populist Party appealed to which of the following groups?

Which group was NOT a part of the New Deal coalition?

Which of the following phrases describes the change in voter affiliations with a particular political party that results in a long term dominance of that party over another party which previously dominated over a long period of time in national elections?

Third parties in the United States typically represent

Donations made directly to political parties for voter registration and party organization are called soft money.

Women are more likely than men to vote for the Democratic Party.

Between the Civil War and the 1960s, the South was a bastion of support for the Democratic Party.

At the national level, the Democratic Party seeks to unite organized labor, the poor, members of racial minorities, and upper-middle-class professionals.

Strong political parties decrease voter turnout.

When a congressional election is held that does not coincide with a presidential election, it is called a

Smaller and weaker parties are most likely to have electoral success under which system of elections?

If you voted for a Republican for president and a Democrat for senator, you engaged in

What is the first step in running for president?

Private groups that raise and distribute funds for election campaigns are called

In 1996, direct-mail campaigns were declared a violation of federal privacy laws by the Supreme Court.

Contemporary campaigns are capital intensive, rather than labor intensive.

A voter's partisan loyalty is at its highest in presidential races.

Under the Supreme Court's ruling in Citizens United vs. FEC, corporations and labor unions are allowed to make contributions to political organizations without limits and are not required to disclose their contributions.

Soft money is money spent by parties on organizational development and voter registration, which is not regulated as campaign expenditures.

What contemporary political scientists call an interest group, James Madison called a(n)

Interest groups are concerned with the ______ of government, while political parties are concerned with the ______ of government.

Public interest groups differ from other types of interest groups in that

Which of the following statements about lobbyists and members of Congress is INCORRECT?

An iron triangle is made up of an alliance between

The theory of pluralism states that all interests should be free to compete for influence and the result will be compromise and moderation.

The American Bar Association is a good example of a labor group.

Staff organizations are dependent on volunteers to conduct most of a group's activities.

People who benefit from the work of an interest group but who do not them-selves contribute any effort or money are called free riders.

As a result of the decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in the case of Citizens United vs F.E.C., political action committees are no longer restricted in the amounts of money they may donate to political campaigns.