The Principles of Learning and Behavior (Domjan) – Chapter 10

instrumental conditioning procedure in which the participant's behavior prevents the delivery of an aversive stimulus

trial in a discriminated avoidance procedure in which an avoidance response is made and prevents the delivery of the aversive stimulus

avoidance conditioning procedure in which occurrences of the aversive stimulus are signaled by a CS

procedure in which responding is punished in the presence of a particular stimulus and not punished in the absence of that stimulus

trial during discriminated avoidance training in which the required avoidance response is not made and the aversive US is presented; performance of the instrumental response during the aversive stimulus results in termination of the aversive stimulus

situation in which subjects learn an instrumental response to escape from or terminate a conditioned stimulus that elicits fear; predicted y the two-process theory of avoidance and provides a coping mechanism for individuals suffering from excessive fear

procedure for extinguishing avoidance behavior in which the CS is presented while the participant is prevented from making the avoidance response

same as nondiscriminated avoidance

avoidance conditioning procedure in which occurrences of the aversive stimulus are not signaled by an external stimulus; originally called Sidman avoidance

procedure for discouraging behavior in which the participant is not only required to correct or rectify a mistake but is also required to go beyond that by, for example, extensively practicing the correct response alternative

perceived likelihood of being attacked by a predator

instrumental conditioning procedure in which there is a positive contingency between the instrumental response and an aversive stimulus; if the participant performs the instrumental response, it receives the aversive stimulus; if the participant does not perform the instrumental response, it does not receive the aversive stimulus; typically suppresses instrumental behavior

interval between the occurrence of an avoidance response and the next scheduled presentation of the aversive stimulus in a nondiscriminated avoidance procedure; sets the duration of safety created by each avoidance response in a nondiscriminated avoidance procedure

blocking the opportunity to make the avoidance response so that the subject is exposed to a fear stimulus without being able to escape from it

stimulus that signals the absence of an aversive event

hypothesis according to which reduction in the frequency of shock serves to reinforce avoidance behavior

type of avoidance conditioning procedure in which the required instrumental response consists of going back and forth between two sides of an experimental apparatus on successive trials

same as discriminated avoidance

species-typical responses animals perform in an aversive situation

interval between successive presentations of the aversive stimulus in a nondiscriminated avoidance procedure when the avoidance response is not performed

period during which the opportunity to obtain positive reinforcement is removed; may involve removal of the participant from the situation where reinforcers are available

theory originally developed to explain discriminated avoidance learning that presumes the operation of two mechanisms: classical conditioning of fear to the warning signal or CS and instrumental reinforcement of the avoidance response through termination of the warning signal and consequent fear reduction