Soc #2

the lifelong process of learning to become a member of the social world, including learning the values and beliiefs of ones culture.

: the basic building block of socialization, through which a child is shaped into a human being and becomes a member of a society.

perception of who we are

sociobiology is a reductionist theory.

Social behaviors vary, are not hard wired. Socialization is more important than genes

children need human contact, affection, and interaction in order to fully development. Evidence: cases of isolated

•. Micro level: parents, peer groups.

Meso: schools, religious groups. Macro: national advertisements.

. Organizations are dependent upon socialized people to help them survive. Lack of adequate socialization increased the likelihood of deviant behavior

the perceptions we have of who we are, derived form out perceptions of the way others respond to us. Not born with, develops at infancy.

A symbolic interactionist theory of the self developed by Charles H cooley. The looking glass, "each to each a looking glass reflects the other that doth pass"

Symbolic interactionist theory of the self, George Herbert Mead.

View outselves through interaction with others. Once we can symbolically recognize objects, we can the view the self as an object. E.g. having a name allows us to see ourselves as objects separate from other obhects; the

the spontaneous, unpredictable impulsive.

reflective part of the self, formed through role taking, that knows the rules of society and attempt to control and direct the _____ into socially acceptable behavior

child observes and imitates others. Play: children plat at taking roles of significant others, bbut do not understand complex relationshiops

: children take the roles of multiple others concurrently and the role of the generalized other.

: a composite of social expectations. As behavior comes to be governed by abstract rules, children can enter into novel social areanas

the process of abandoning one or more socal postions in favor of others that are more suitable for newly acquired status.

_____ may occur in a total institution, in which people are isolated from the outside world and lead bureaucratically regimented lives

are sets of relationships between individuals, groups and other organizations. They are held together by ties

are he content of a particular relationship.

: the degree to which ties are reinforeced though indirect paths thoruhg a social network.

. Differences in access to opprunity enhancing networks are one reason for persistent _____

:____ ties strengths: solidary and agreement. Important for the health of the community.

Weaknesses: clustered in own environment.

new ideas and experiences, larger network of diverse people

_____ we asses ourselves in accordance with the standard of antoehr reference group

____the groups lacks normrs or rules.

bonds tying individual sto the group are too weak

bonds to group are too strong

: a specific type of large and formal organization that attempts tp maximize efficiency

formal relations between participants, clearly laid out procedures and rules, pursit of stated goals

: studued growth of bureaucrarcy I the 20th century, developed ideal types of conceptual models.

• division of labor based on techinal competence, administrative heirarch, formal rules and regulations, impersonal relationships, emphaisi on rationality and efficiency, provision of life long careers.

workers with boring dead end jobs feel univiled uncommitted and unappreciated

• concentrated of power in a small group, the iron law of oligarchy

increasing dominance of organizations characterized by: efficiency maximiezed by samesess, Predictabiliy, nothing left to chance, calculation of eveythhing, increased control over custoers and employess

social constructionist theory: IT IS VERY SITUATIONAL

subset of deviance hat violates laws and results in formal sanctions

interaction, social structure and the social processes

rational choice theory of deviance

• Social control theory:

Conflict theory of deviance:

• Focus on how others shape ones definition of what is normal and acceptable • Examie how society defines some acts as deviant • Examine deviance related symbols and how they affect the self

individuals behaviors become deviant because they are labeled as such. Societies define behaviors as deviant and impose sanctions. Primary isolated deviance - actors are not labeled deviant. Secondary deviance - actors are labeled. Being labeled reinforces deviant behaviors.

Those with less power and staus are most likely to be labeled as deviant ( link to conflict theory)

"criminal, rapist, schizophrenic"

"bad apple" they being to think that is who they are

focuses on how we lean deviant and criminal behavior from others. By associating with others who engage in crime and have criminal values, we learn how to comit crimes and criminal behavior is enforced.

another source of social deviance. It is frustration resulting from gap between socialy shared goals and access to legitimate methods of achieveing those goals. Stain causes some people to tur to deviant ways of achieving goals

ranks of groups in society according to how many valued resources they possess. On gong process of sorting people into layers, legitimated by cultural beliefs that justify inequality.

kwnowlege and access to important information.

networks with others who have influence.

• Individuals take up social positions through socialization in which they learn the appropriate cultural capital. Cultural capital influences children schools and home environments. Social positions are represented by symbols. Conspicuous consumption: displaying goods in a way that will be noticed and will earn the owner respect.

• Comes out of struggles for dominance and scarce resources. Individuals take advantage of others. Conflict between those trying to hold onto existing advantages and those trying to gain new advantages is inevitable

• Stratification is inevitable. They think it is good because everyone has a positions.

Motivates individuals the carry out its roles. As a result every individual maintains society. Davis moore thesis. Some positions are highly valed because people feel they are important.

attitudes towards a group, usually negative and not based on facets. May be stimulated by mes and macro events: micro attitude

differential treatment and harmful actions against minorities: actions occurs at all levels

"race prejudice as a sense of group position. • -- key points: people usually think of racism in terms of individual feelings of hostility. Racism originates first and foremost in group membership dynamics.

Four basic feelings associated with racism

feelings of superiority, feel that minorities are different. Feelings of claim to certain areas of privilege/advantage. A fear/ suspicion that the minority group will threaten the position of the dominate group