PSYCHOLOGY: Learning, memory, Cognition

long lasting change in behavior resulting from experience

-PAVLOV-learning by association

unconditioned stimulusunconditioned responseconditioned stimulusconditioned response

-first stage on classical learning-responding to CS without presentation of US-when the new behavior is acquired

-fastest way of acquisition-bell is ringing and food presented at the same time

presentation of CS followed by short break, then US

CS and US presented at same time

US presented first followed by CS ; this method is particularly ineffective

after a CR is extinct, CR briefly reappears upon presentation of CS

Watson & Rayner

conditioned to have a negative response

using a CS as a US to condition a response to a new stimulus

learned to not like something because it made you nauseous or something the first time you ate it, or because it made you sick, or you became sick after you ate it

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-SKINNNER is the father-edward thorndike also researched this-learning based on association of consequences with one's behavior

-Thorndike-if the consequences of the behavior are pleasant, the stimulus-response will be strengthened ; & vice versa

-makes the behavior more likely to occur-the food

-giving the food-defined by its consequences

removal of something pleasant

-INCREASES likelihood of behavior1) Positive: adds something pleasant2) takes away something unpleasant

-DECREASES likelihood of behavior1) Positive: adds something unpleasant2) Negative: takes away something pleasant (omission)

reinforces the steps used to reach the desired behavior

taught to perform a number of response successfully to get a reward-goal is to link together a number of separate behaviors into a more complex activity

in of themselves rewarding-food, rewards, rest, water

-things we have learned to value-praise, chance to play video game

can be traded for any kind of reward-MONEY*token economy* is an example

explains that whichever of the two activives is preferred can be used to reinforce the other activity that isnt preferred

*look at worksheets and in book*

-togetherness determines the strength of a response-PAVLOV

*RESCORLA*-contingency model: cognitive view of classical conditioning-A is contingent upon B when A depends upon B and vice versa

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-BANDURA: father-bobo doll-observation and imitation

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-TOLMAN : father-learn without realizing that you are-maps

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KOHLER : father-Lightbulb moment