Psych-Learning & Personality Study Guide (Exam 3)

the process of learning associations between environmental events and behavioral responses

explains how certain stimuli can trigger an autonomic response

Explains how we acquire new voluntary actions

A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research learned behavior and discovered classical conditioning (dog)

A stimulus that evokes an unconditioned response without previous conditioning

Followers of Freud who developed their own competing psychodynamic theories

Adler's conception of a basic feeling of inadequacy stemming from childhood experiences

Developed through life and is not fixed as a child

Was underemphasized by Frued, may be just as powerful as parental influence

Developed at age 5-6

A rate mental response to trauma, more often high stress situations enhance memory

Freud said mispeaking is the subconscious release of sexual thoughts

a personality test, such as the Rorschach or TAT, that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of one's inner dynamics

An explanation for behavior which suggests that humans strive for self-fulfillment and are motivated by a basic goodness. Developed originally by Carl Rogers.

Abraham Maslow's humanistic concept of reaching toward the best person we can be, realizing our true intellectual and emotional potential

1.Genuine2. Acceptance, including unconditional positive regard3.

Empathy

Universal life question

Has an effect on your world perspective

five traits that have surfaced repeatedly in factor analyses of personality measures

A personality dimension that describes someone who is responsible, dependable, persistent, and organized

A personality dimension that describes someone who is good natured, cooperative, and trusting.

A personality dimension describing people with high levels of anxiety, hostility, depression, and self-consciousness.

A Big Five personality trait characterized by an appreciation for fantasy, feelings, actions, ideas, values, and aesthetics

degree of sociability; extraverts are outgoing, friendly, and people-oriented; Introverts are solitary, reserved, and unsociable

the initials of a long, detailed personality inventory

1897-1967; Field: trait theory of personality; Contributions: list of 11,000 traits, 3 levels of traits-cardinal, central, and secondary

I am a personality theorist that argued that our personality traits are not stable but our dependent upont he situation we are in. I also created the Marshmellow test

Famous for the Bobo Doll experiments on observational learning & influence in the Socio-Cognitive Perspective

the extent to which people perceive control over their environment rather than feeling helpless

the perception that chance or outside forces beyond your personal control determine your fate.

the perception that you control your own fate

The hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events.

the scientific study of optimal human functioning; aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive

A measure of how much you value and respect yourself

First born children tend to be more intelligent than later-born siblings, which has likely nothing to do with womb environment.

feel treated unfairly; don't develop close relationships to siblings; manipulators and negotiators

sociable, independent, spoiled, competitive

in Freud's theory, the level of consciousness in which thoughts and feelings are not conscious but are readily retrieveable to consciousness

In Freud's theory, the source of a person's instinctual energy, which works mainly on the pleasure principle.

Freud's theory regarding the id's desire to maximize pleasure and minimize pain in order to achieve immediate gratification.

Tendency of the ego to postpone gratification until it can find an appropriate outlet

the childhood stages of development (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital) during which, according to Freud, the id's pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones

Freud's first stage of psychosexual development during which pleasure is centered in the mouth

Freud's second stage of personality development, from about age 2 to about age 3, during which children learn to control the immediate gratification they obtain through defecation and to become responsive to the demands of society.

{poop}

Freud's third stage of personality development, from about age 4 through age 7, during which children obtain gratification primarily from the genitals.

Freud's fourth stage of personality development, from about age 7 until puberty, during which sexual urges are inactive.

Freud's last stage of personality development, from the onset of puberty through adulthood, during which the sexual conflicts of childhood resurface (at puberty) and are often resolved during adolescence).

according to Freud, a boy's sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father.

Adler's conception of a basic feeling of inadequacy stemming from childhood experiences

The flaw in Frieda data because it was based off of his own self analysis

(Carl Rogers) innate drive to maintain and enhance the human organism

A sense of one's identity and personal worth

Theory that holds that portions of an individual's knowledge acquisition can be directly related to observing others within the context of social interactions, experiences, and outside media influences (Bandura).

the interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, and environment

A theory of personality that focuses on identifying, describing, and measuring individual differences in behavioral predispositions

Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism