what did proponents of social learning theory think about operant conditioning?
they thought that outside forces/consequences couldn't fully explain everything
according to social learning theory, what three things determine behavior?
1.
external stimulus events2. internal processing systems (what's going on within one's mind)3. reinforcement of response feedback systems
what are the four major principles of social learning theory?
1. vicarious learning2.
differential reinforcement3. reciprocal determinism4. cognitive processes
vicarious learning
a process in which we learn new behavior through observing others or through the use of language; allows us to learn lessons without directly experiencing something (ex: you can learn that someone will die if they jump off a cliff by watching that happen to someone and not experiencing it yourself)
differential reinforcement
the idea that the consequences of a behavior can be very different depending on the context/setting in which the behavior occurs; ex: the consequences of being drunk at a party are very different from the consequences of being drunk at work
reciprocal determinism
a component of social learning theory that says that not only are we affected by our environment, we also affect our environment in turn; our behavior, our environment, and our cognitions (expectations) all influence each other
cognitive processes
according to social learning theory, processes such as encoding, organizing, and retrieving information can regulate our behavior; also says that the exact same conditions or consequences will have different effects on different people because we all have different cognitive processes
expectancy
anticipation of a systematic "if-then" relation between events in an upcoming situation; "if [a certain event] occurs, then [another event] is expected to follow] (ex: "if i drink alcohol, then I will become aggressive")
what are 6 domains of alcohol expectancies?
1. global positive change (expecting that everything is better when you drink)2. enhanced sexuality3. physical and social pleasure (drinking brings a certain warmth to your interactions, etc.
)4. increased social assertiveness/confidence5. relaxation and tension reduction6. arousal and power
in terms of expectancies, what puts people at risk of developing an alcohol problem?
having stronger/higher expectancies in certain domains (for ex, global positive change)
what design is usually used in studies looking at alcohol expectancies?
4 groups:1. alcohol group: expect to be given alcohol, are actually given alcohol2.
placebo group: expect to be given alcohol, are not given alcohol3. anti-placebo group: expect not to be given alcohol, are given alcohol4. control group: expect not to be given alcohol, are not given alcohol
