Observational Learning (Bandura)

-proposes that a person can simply observe another person (a model) perform a behavior and subsequently display that behavior himself without external reinforcement -Bandura -most effective when combined with guided participation

- Observational learning - concluded that observational learning entails a change in cognition involving four processes

- attentional -retention - production - motivational

- first process of observational learning - to learn the modeled behavior, the learner must attend to and accurately perceive it

-second process of observational learning - to reproduce the modeled behavior, the learner must symbolically process it in memory through verbal coding or visual imagery - improved by cognitive rehearsal

-third process of observational learning - the learner must be able to accurately reproduce and rehearse the modeled behavior - improved through practice and feedback

-fourth process of observational learning - the learner must be motivated to learn and perform the modeled behavior -increased when the learner is reinforced, but the reinforcement can be either internal (self-reinforcement), vicarious, or external

progressive performance by the learner with assistance from a model

- the model has high status or has had past success - the model is perceived to be similar to the learner - the model's behavior is visible and relevant to the learner's needs and goals - the model has been reinforced for engaging in the behavior

the model has been reinforced for engaging in the behavior

personal mastery