IDEAL stands for
Identify, Define, explore, act, look
Knowledge that is derived from previously acquired knowledge and not directly from environmental interactions is what form of constructivism?
Endogenous
Bruner's theory of cognitive growth: modes
enactive, iconic, symbolic
General skills
apply to a wide variety of disciplines
Evaluation
using criteria to judge adequacy of a problem solution
Inference
Reasoning inductively from specific cases to general principles or deductively from general principles to specific cases
Basis
determining source of support for conclusions about a problem
clarification
identifying and formulating questions, analyzing elements, defining terms
declarative knowledge
"that"; historical dates, numbers, facts, episodes, task features, beliefs
procedural knowledge
"how"; mathematical algorithms, reading strategies, (skimming, scanning, summarizing), goal setting,
conditional
"when, why"; skim a web page to get the gist in little time; read texts carefully for understanding
This premise of Constructivism states that cognitive processes do not reside solely in one's mind but involves relation between a person and situation.
Socially mediated learning
Zone of proximal development
the difference between what children can do on their own and what they can do with assistance from others.
Piaget's stages of cognitive development
Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete operational, Formal operational.
metacognition
the deliberate, conscious control of cognitive activity
Constructivism
a psychological and philosophical perspective contending that individuals form or construct much of what they learn and understand.
According to Piaget, cognitive development depends on four factors:
Biological maturation, experience with the physical environment, experience with the social environment and equilibration
Equilibration
A biological drive to produce an optimal state of equilibrium (or adaptation) between cognitive structures and the environment.
Moving from specific examples to formulating general rules is:
Inductive reasoning
Perspectives of constructivism:
Exogenous, Endogenous, Dialectical
Learning through electronic delivered means is
e-learning
Accomodation
the changing of internal structures to provide consistency with the external reality
Simulations
representations of real or imaginary situations that cannot be brought into the learning setting.
The key concept of Vygotsky's sociocultural theory is
Zone of proximal development
A relationship between features that must be present is referred to as
relational concept
A form of socially mediated learning
language, symbols, and signs
Problem solving strategies
Generate and test, Means-end analysis; Analogical reasoning
Concepts in cognitive learning
Labeled sets of objects, symbols, or events that share common characteristics, or critical attributes.
implicit theories
Students beliefs about themselves, others, and their environments.
Spiral curriculum
Building on prior knowledge by presenting the same topics at increasing levels of complexity as students move through schooling.
