Child Development Theorists

Believed:Children's personalities develop in response to their social environmentAt each stage, a person faces certain conflicts and challenges

Believed that children developed in 8 stages: trust vs. mistrust: Birth -18 months; strength is Hopeautonomy vs.

shame and doubt: 18 months - 3 years; strength is Willpowerinitiative vs. guilt: 3 - 5 years; strength is Purposeindustry vs. inferiority: 6 - 12 years; strength is Competence

Believed:Children learn to master one skill before anotherChildren learn in their own waysChildren do not learn as adults do

Sensorimotor stage: Birth to two yearsPreoperational stage: Two to seven yearsConcrete operations stage: Seven to eleven yearsFormal operations stage: Eleven years to adulthood

Basic mental operations start replacing sensorimotor activities as the primary way to learn

Children can think through complex problems, find several solutions, and choose the most logical one; Children can think in abstract ways

Children learn about the world through their senses and body movements

Children learn that objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight in this stage (object permanence)

Children learn mostly by language and mental images

Children use feelings to solve problems

Children learn to solve more complex problems using basic knowledge.

Young people can think in purely abstract ways without concrete examples, becoming skilled in problem solving and reasoning

Creating new categories.

Fitting information into categories.

Balance between assimilation and accommodation

Children learn through social and cultural experiencesLanguage plays a key role in cognitive developmentLearning is not limited by stage or maturation

Self talk that helps children to guide their activity and develop their thinking

The gap between what a child can do independently and what he can't do even with assistance.

Assistance of an adult on tasks the child cannot accomplish alone but can accomplish with help

Developed multiple intelligences theory

Musical-Rhythmic Intelligence: Music smartVisual-Spatial Intelligence: Picture smartNaturalist Intelligence: Nature smartInterpersonal Intelligence: People smartIntrapersonal Intelligence: Self smartBodily-kinesthetic Intelligence: Body smartVerbal-Linguistic Intelligence: Word smartLogical-mathematical Intelligence: Logic smart

Children learn by constructing their own understanding while interacting with the environment.