What is the study of the nervous system?
Neurology.
What is an elongated cell; the basic information processing unit of the nervous system?
Neuron.
What is a grossly visible bundle of hundreds of axons from many different neurons?
Nerve.
What is the condition in which the body's internal environment remains relatively constant and within physiologic limits?
Homeostasis.
List the two main body systems which control and integrate information.
The nervous system and endocrine system.
Which system responds rapidly and which responds more slowly?
Nervous system; endocrine system.
Name the 3 broad functions of the nervous system.
Sensation, integration, and response.
Name the two major subdivisions of the nervous system based upon anatomic location.
Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.
List the major components of the central nervous system.
Brain and spinal cord.
List the major components of the peripheral nervous system.
Cranial and spinal nerves.
Name the two types of cells found in the nervous system.
Neurons and glia.
Which cells support, nourish, and protect the neurons and maintain homeostasis of the interstitial fluid that bathes them?
Glia.
Name the 3 basic components of a neuron.
Cell body, dendrites, and axons.
What is the junction between neurons which provide continuity between neurons without physical contact?
Synapses.
Give the name for a collection of neuron cell bodies within the central nervous system.
Nucleus.
Give the name for a collection of neuron cell bodies within the peripheral nervous system.
Ganglion.
Name the cell body structures associated with a neuron.
Axon hillock, perikaryon, and nissl substance.
What is a mound of cell body cytoplasm which gives rise to the axon and is where most nerve impulses start?
Axon hillock.
What is the clear area around the nucleus?
Perikaryon.
What are the granular clumps of rough endoplasmic reticulum in cytoplasm and dendrites which are sites of protein synthesis?
Nissl substance.
What is the information receiving area of the neuron that transmits electrical signals toward the cell body?
Dendrites.
What is the information transmitting extension of the of the membrane that sends electrical signals away from the cell body to connect with target cells or other neurons at a synapse?
Axons.
Each neuron only has ____ axon.
One.
Name the 4 types of glial cells in the nervous system.
Oligodendroglia, astrocytes, ependymal cells, microglia.
What produces the phospholipid covering called the myelin sheath?
Oligodendroglia.
What influences the speed of conduction along nerve cell processes?
Myelin.
Name the two cells which produce myelin and where are they located?
Oligodendroglia in CNS and Schwann cells in PNS.
What is the unmyelinated portion of an axon?
Node of Ranvier.
What provides structural support brain and spinal cord, helps make up blood-brain barrier, and facilitates transport of substances from capillaries to neurons?
Astrocytes.
What lines the ventricles of the brain and contributes to formation of cerebrospinal fluid?
Ependymal cells.
What functions as macrophages and removes cellular debris, microbes, and damaged nervous tissue?
Microglia.
