Earth science Cole #1

Ursa Major, Ursa Minor, Cassiopeia, Cephus, Draco

The great Bear, Big dipper

the little bear, the little dipper

the queen

the King

the Dragon

Earth is motionless at the center of the universe.

The stars are attached to a CELESTIAL sphere that rotates daily around the Earth. There are 7 objects that move in front of the Celestial sphere.

Planets= wanderer in GreekSun, moon, mars, mercury, jupiter, venus and saturn

OE.

Sunnandaeg G. Sonntag

OE. Monandaeg G. Montag

OE. Tiwesdaeg G. Dientag

OE.

Wodnesdaeg G. Wennerstag

OE. Thunresdaeg G. Donnerstag

OE. Frigedaeg G.

Fritag

OE. Saeterndaeg G. Samstag

Aristotle, Eratostheenes, Hipparchus, and Ptolemy

Geocentric Earth, Motion requires a continued push or Pull, Considered infallible

Determined the diameter of the Earth using a well in Syene and a tower in Alexandria. 7degree angles.

24,400 miles... now its 24,900 miles VERY CLOSE

Catalogued the location of about 850 stars divied the brightness of the stars into 6 groups (BASIS OF MAGNITUDE SYSTEM)Measured the length of the year to within minuets of today's valueDeveloped a method to predict lunar eclipses. Retrograde Motion- some planets appear to move backwards for a short while

Wrote the Almagest, a summary of astronomyDeveloped a geocentric model that explained retrograde motion 1700 hundred years was true.

REFER TO SOMEONE ELSE?

Ptolemaic system is earth centered system of the universe

the apparent westward motion of the plants with respect to the stars. Star appears to be going backwards for a short while

1473-1543 Polish astronomer and mathematician De Revolutionibus

Theologians still believe earth is centercounter to "common sense" cant find the wind of the earth movingNo parallax effect oberserved - stars should move in small closed loops

made careful observations that were good to within 1-2 minutes of arcCould not detect PARALLAX (it's to small to be seen with the unaided eye)

apparent shift of an object when viewed from two different locations

German astronomer who first stated laws of planetary motion (1571-1630) Very religious. Believed the creator had made an orderly universe, he spent much of his life looking for that order.

1. The planets orbit the Sun in ELLIPSES, with the sun at the one Focus. Eccentricity, e= distance between FOCI/ Length of the major axis.

if e=1 then shape is a line. if e=0, then its a circle2. A line joining the Sun and a planet sweeps out equal areas in equal times. 3.

the square of the period of Revolution (P) is proportional to the cube of the average distance (R) of the planet from the sunPe=1yr Re=1 astronomical unit 1 A.U.

the average distance from the sun to earth

Pe=1yr Re=1 astronomical unit 1 A.U.

Summer and Spring are the longest seasons because the sun has farther to travel

the point in the orbit of a planet or comet that is at the greatest distance from the sun JULY 4

the point in the orbit of a planet or comet where it is nearest to the sun JANUARY 3

the Father of modern science, process of science. overthroew the authority of aristotle through observation and experiementation1616- forbidded to teach the motion of Earth1630- published Dialogue of the Two Great World Systems1632- condemned by the Roman inquistion and sentenced to house arrest for the last 10 years of his life.

1.Stars are stationary [ Earth must rotate]2.The sun is the center of the Solar system.

[ Heliocentric model] EARTH REVOLVES AROUND SUN!!!!!3.Planets move in perfect circles at constant speeds is now WRONG!!!! Retrograde motion proves this false

The process of Sciende, discovered inertia and made telescope 30 power

discovered Inertiaadovcated the copernican model because of its simplicity and logicMade the first astronomical telescope1.Discovered moon's around Jupiter 4 moons2.planents are disks, not points of light like the stars3. moon has mountains, craters, darker areas (Maria) (SEAS) thought the moon had bodies of water, but they were just the shadows4. the milky Way is made up of many stars5.

the sun has dark spots=blemishes that move around the Sun, Sun moves too6. Venus shows a full range of Phases and appears to vary in size, (expected in copernican (heliocentric model)

(physics) the tendency of a body to maintain is state of rest or uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force. Object in motions stays in motion

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average time from noon to noon 24 hours

Rotation of the earth with respect to a star 23hours 56 mins and 4 secs

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The wobble of the earth axis. Once every 25,800 years. Vega won't always be in Lyra.

More elliptical than the earth;s orbit around the sun e=0.055 vs.

.017)Perigee- moon and earth the closestApogree- moon and earth are farthest away from eachother238,000 miles average distance between earth and moon

revolution of the moon using a star 27 1/3 days

revolution of the moon using the Sun 29 1/2 days WE USE THIS TO MEASURE A MONTH!!!!

a lunar night= 2 weeks

a region of complete shadow resulting from total obstruction of light

a fringe region of partial shadow around an umbra

Produced by the impact of the meteroids. like bomb craterFlooded with lava, Ejecta- light colored material blasted out by moon.

LOOK UP!

Lunar highlands densely cratered, brighter areas 4.5 billion years oldMaria Basin Darker areas, relatively flat, large impact basins flooded with lava circular shape 3.2-3.8 billion years old.