Developmental Psychology Chapter 5

Marcy was playing under the kitchen table when she stood up suddenly and bumped her head. She pointed at the table and sternly said, "Naughty table!" This is an example of _____. Question options: a) centration b) animism c) egocentrism d) operational thinking

A young child thinks a tall 20-year-old man is older than a short 40-year-old man. This is an example of _____. Question options: a) egocentrism b) symbolic thinking c) static thinking d) focus on appearance

Myelination is important because it _____. Question options: a) compensates for loss of brain function due to injury b) promotes regular childhood sleep patterns c) speeds up the transmission of neural impulses d) connects the two halves of the brain

When children assume that the world is unchanging, they are engaging in _____. Question options: a) static reasoning b) a focus on appearance c) magical thinking d) centration

The amygdala is a brain structure that registers _____. Question options: a) body temperature b) memories c) speech perception d) emotions

What was Maria Montessori's objective when she created her preschool? Question options: a) creative expression b) the development of math skills c) obedience to a teacher d) individual achievement

To focus on one aspect of a situation and simultaneously exclude all other aspects is called _____. Question options: a) magical thinking b) centration c) static reasoning d) animism

According to Vygotsky, a teacher who carefully plans each child's participation in the learning process within the zone of proximal development uses _____. Question options: a) scaffolding b) peer mentoring c) skill construction d) reinforcements for good behavior

Irreversibility refers to the preoperational child's tendency to _____. Question options: a) use deductive reasoning to solve a problem b) believe that what has been done cannot be undone c) engage in centration when another solution is needed d) focus on something other than appearances

The structures, rules, and techniques used to communicate meaning in language are called _____. Question options: a) theory-theory b) logical extensions c) grammar d) inflections

The area of the brain that is crucial in expressing and regulating emotions is the _____. Question options: a) corpus callosum b) fusiform face area c) prefrontal cortex d) limbic system

Most teacher-directed preschool programs stress _____. Question options: a) social skills b) dual languages c) arts and music d) academics

A child is shown two identical tall containers, both half-filled with water. The contents of one container are then poured into a short, wide container. If the child states that both containers still have the same amount, then the child understands the concept of _____. Question options: a) classification b) centration c) conservation d) transformation

Rose and her mother were shopping for a birthday gift for Rose's older brother. "How about this? My brother would love it!" Rose exclaimed, showing her mother a pink and purple toy horse with flowing mane and tail. Beverly's belief that her teenage brother would enjoy a toy that she herself would enjoy is an example of _____. Question options: a) conservatism b) irreversibility c) egocentrism d) static reasoning

A person's understanding of the thoughts of other people is called _____. Question options: a) psychological schemata b) theory of mind c) self-schemes d) intuitive psychology

his Mom cuts his hot dog into five pieces and Tori's into six pieces, Mac protests, "Tori has more than me!" Which ability does Mac not yet demonstrate? Question options: a) egocentrism b) centration c) conservation d) animism

Humans seek reasons, causes, and underlying principles to explain the world around them. The research term for this tendency is _____. Question options: a) theory-theory b) scaffolding c) conservation d) deductive reasoning

The process through which axons become coated with a fatty substance that speeds up the transmission of nerve impulses is called _____. Question options: a) mylarization b) action potential c) myelination d) transmission

Preschool programs are called "child-centered" when they stress children's _____. Question options: a) gross motor skills b) language development c) fine motor skills d) development and growth

Young children try to construct a reason for the things that they see and hear. This tendency is known as _____. Question options: a) focus on appearance b) theory-theory c) reversibility d) logical reasoning