Combo Psychology Final

Catatonia is characterized by

Client-centered therapists emphasize the importance of:

The chances for recovery from schizophrenia are considered to be greatest when the disorder develops

The value of light exposure therapy appears to result in part from its influence on people's

A psychiatrist has diagnosed a patient as having bipolar disorder. It is likely that she will prescribe

Jeremy often misinterprets normal bodily sensations such as hunger pangs as symptoms of serious illnesses such as stomach cancer. His experience is most indicative of

The effectiveness of psychotherapy shows little if any connection to:

One of the key characteristics of generalized anxiety disorder is that

The major characteristic of dissociative disorders is a disturbance of

Major depressive disorder is said to occur when signs of depression last at least

Mrs. Swift is alarmed by her own intrusive and irrational thoughts that her house is contaminated by germs. Her experience best illustrates the agitating effects of

Alexis is socially withdrawn and has few close friends. This behavior is most likely to be diagnosed as a symptom of psychological disorder if it is

Kyle is extremely manipulative and can look anyone in the eye and lie convincingly. His deceit often endangers the safety and well-being of those around him, but he is indifferent to any suffering they might experience as a result of his actions. His behavior best illustrates

An immediate and irrational anxiety response to the mere sight of blood is indicative of

Mr. Hoffman has always been cautious with his money, but over the past two weeks he has developed grandiose plans to bet his entire life savings on a single horse race. With unrestrained exuberance he has also been giving everybody he sees unsolicited advice on how to make millions in the stock market. Mr. Hoffman's behavior is most indicative of

If a therapist tells a client, "Rank order the things that frighten you from least to most," the therapist is most likely practicing

systematic desensitization

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Which of the following best illustrates a negative symptom of schizophrenia?

A fundamental problem with the diagnostic labeling of psychologically disordered behaviors is that the labels often

Linda's doctor prescribes medication that blocks the activity of dopamine in her nervous system. Evidently, Linda is being treated with an ________ drug.

A therapist helps Rebecca overcome her fear of water by getting her to swim in the family's backyard pool three times a day for two consecutive weeks. The therapist's approach to helping Rebecca best illustrates

Using the Asch procedure, conformity to group judgments would be LEAST likely when

Professor Stewart wrote a very positive letter of recommendation for a student despite having doubts about her competence. Which theory best explains why he subsequently began to develop more favorable attitudes about the student's abilities?

cognitive dissonance theory

the fundamental attribution error

Although Frieda is typically very reserved, as part of a huge rock concert crowd she lost her inhibitions and behaved in a very sexually provocative way. Frieda's unusual behavior is best understood in terms of

social facilitation

Marilyn judges her professor's strict class attendance policy to be an indication of his overcontrolling personality rather than a necessity dictated by the limited number of class sessions in a course that meets only once a week. Her judgment best illustrates

When visiting the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp shortly after World War II, one German civilian was said to have remarked, What terrible criminals these prisoners must have been to receive such treatment. This reaction is best explained in terms of

When buying groceries, many shoppers prefer certain products simply because they have a familiar brand name. This preference best illustrates the importance of

Which of the following strategies would be MOST likely to foster positive feelings between two conflicting groups?

Research participants who worked alongside someone who rubbed his or her face or shook his or her foot were observed to do the same thing themselves. This best illustrated

A store owner charges Black customers more than Hispanic customers for the very same merchandise. The owner is most clearly engaging in

Kelly, a Republican, and Carlos, a Democrat, both believe that members of their own political party are more fair-minded and trustworthy than members of other parties. Their beliefs best illustrate

In making wedding preparations, Jason conforms to the expectations of his future bride's family simply to win their favor. His behavior illustrates the importance of

Bonnie pedals an exercise bike at her health club much faster when other patrons happen to be working out on nearby equipment. This best illustrates

People may unconsciously harbor negative racial associations. This best illustrate the subtle nature of

implicit attitudes

After Mrs. Chanski and her children had helped themselves to free samples of the cookies being promoted in the grocery store, she felt obligated to buy some, even though they seemed unreasonably expensive. Her reaction best illustrates the significance of

the reciprocity norm

The participants in Philip Zimbardo's simulated prison study

Violent criminals often have diminished activity in the ________ of the brain, which play(s) an important role in ________.

Ksana insists that her boyfriend's car accident resulted from his carelessness. Her explanation for the accident provides an example of

Bart complied with his friends' request to join them in smashing decorative pumpkins early one Halloween evening. Later that night he was surprised by his own failure to resist their pressures to throw eggs at passing police cars. Bart's experience best illustrates

Mr. Hughes heard what sounded like cries for help from a swimmer located 30 yards from the ocean shoreline. He continued walking along the beach, however, because he figured that one of the many swimmers in the vicinity would provide help if it was needed. His reaction best illustrates the dynamics involved in

When Hutu militia began to slaughter the Tutsi in 1994, missionary Carl Wilkens risked his own life to save the lives of others. His actions best illustrated

Classical antipsychotics block __________ receptors

Tardive dyskinesia

Atypical antipsychotics target _______________

Boimedical therapy

Psychopharmacology

Conventional antipsychotics

Atypical antipsychotics

Antianxiety Drugs

Antidepressants

Mood-stabalizing medications

Electroconvlsive Therapy

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Deep-brain stimulatioin

Psychosurgery

lobotomy

Social psychology

Attribution theory: we have a tendency to give causal explanations for someone's behavior, often by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition

Attitudes

Conformity

Normative Social Influence

Informational Social Influence

Social Loafing

Deindividuation

Scapegoat Theory

Just-World Phenomenon

Psychotherapy

Biomedical therapy

free association

Interpersonal psychotherapy

Client-centeredtherapy

Counter conditioning

Systematic Desensitization

Operant Conditioning

Beck's Therapy for Depression

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)

Light Exposure Therapy

Anxiety

Worry

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Panic Disorder

Social Anxiety Disorder

Specific Phobias

OCD

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

Antonio is an 18 year old undergraduate student that has been having problems sleeping at night for the past year. He spends most of the time in bed worrying about bad things that might happen. When awake, he cannot control his worry over every little thing. For example, he frequently worries about being on time, losing his friends, getting bad grades, making his parents angry, whether people like him, his appearance, whether he will find a romantic partner in college, whether he will graduate on time, about jobs after graduation....

Major Depressive Disorder

Dysthymic Disorder

Bipolar 1

Bipolar II

Mania

The Biopsychosocial Approach to Psychological Disorders

Dissociative Disorder plus Dissociative Identity Disorder

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Somatoform Disorder

Conversion Disorder

Schizophrenia

Chronic/process schizophrenia

Acute/reactive schizophrenia

A trained therapist who uses psychological techniques to assist someone to overcome excessive anxiety would generally be best described as a

Schizophrenia is a disorder that is MOST likely to be treated with

Sigmund Freud introduced a form of psychotherapy known as

Psychoanalytic techniques are designed primarily to help patients

Psychoanalytic interpretation is designed to promote

Which form of therapy is most likely to be described as expensive and time-consuming?

Humanistic therapists are most likely to

Which approach emphasizes the importance of providing patients with feelings of unconditional positive regard?

Client-centered therapists are most likely to

Repeatedly introducing people to things they fear and avoid is most characteristic of

Systematic desensitization involves the use of

Virtual reality exposure therapy is most likely to prove effective in the treatment of

To treat nail biting, one can paint a patient's fingernails with a nasty-tasting nail polish. This procedure best illustrates

In which operant conditioning procedure are positive reinforcers given for desired behaviors?

Mr. Quinones, a fifth-grade teacher, gives a blue plastic star to each student who achieves a high score on a math or spelling test. At the end of the semester, students can exchange their stars for prizes. Mr. Quinones' strategy illustrates an application of

Teaching people to stop blaming themselves for failures and negative circumstances beyond their control is of most direct concern to ________ therapists

Natasha claimed that her failure to get A's in all her courses meant she was incompetent. Her therapist calmly challenged this assertion, commenting, "By your mental calculations, well over 90 percent of all students are incompetent!" The therapist's response was most typical of a ________ therapist.

Cognitive therapists are most likely to emphasize that emotional disturbances result from

The belief that no person is an island is the fundamental assumption of

Research on the effectiveness of psychotherapy indicates that

Clients' perceptions of the effectiveness of psychotherapy are often misleading because clients

Therapists' perceptions of the effectiveness of psychotherapy are likely to be misleading because

Which phenomenon refers to the tendency for extraordinary or unusual events to be followed by more ordinary events?

Students who receive unusually low scores on their first psychology test can reasonably anticipate ________ scores on their second psychology test

The best psychotherapy outcome studies are randomized clinical trials comparing treatment groups with ________ groups

Which of the following is a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different studies?

Statistical summaries of psychotherapy outcome studies indicate that

Increasingly, insurer and government support for mental health services requires

Which of the following has been demonstrated to provide relief for those who suffer from seasonal affective disorder?

Three benefits attributed to all psychotherapies are

Because she mistakenly thought that completing a diagnostic test was a therapeutic treatment for her anxiety disorder, Mrs. Shyam felt considerable relief for several weeks following the test. Mrs. Shyam's reaction best illustrates

Immigrants from Asia would most likely experience difficulty as clients of American psychotherapists who emphasize the value of

Which therapeutic specialists are most likely to have received a Ph.D. degree in psychology?

A physician who specializes in the treatment of psychological disorders is called a

Although Dr. Anderson uses systematic desensitization for the treatment of phobias, he prescribes antianxiety drugs as well. It is most likely that Dr. Anderson is a

The double-blind technique involves

Antipsychotic drugs have proved helpful in the treatment of

Which of the following treatments is most likely to be used only with severely depressed patients?

Surgically cutting the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain is called

Antidepressant drugs, a fresh perspective on his problems, and a strong therapeutic alliance all contributed to helping David recover from a major depressive disorder. An integrated understanding of David's recovery process is best provided by

Aerobic exercise, adequate sleep, light exposure, and social engagement are important components of

The psychologist who developed the inkblot test was

After experiencing inescapable brutalities as a prisoner in a Nazi concentration camp, Mr. Sternberg became apathetic, stopped eating, and gave up all efforts to physically survive the ordeal. Mr. Sternberg's reaction most clearly illustrates:

In suggesting that the mind is like an iceberg, Freud was most clearly emphasizing the importance of the:

Martin is optimistic, impulsive, excitable, and restless. In terms of the Eysencks' basic personality dimensions, he would be classified as:

A person who is careless and disorganized most clearly ranks low on the Big Five trait dimension of:

According to Freud, the defense mechanism that underlies all others is:

Humanistic psychologists would most likely be criticized for underestimating the value of:

The trait of optimism is most closely related to a strong sense of:

You have just taken a test that involved answering pages of questions about your characteristic behavior. You probably responded to

In assessing a client's personal growth, Carl Rogers measured the correspondence between:

According to Freud, defense mechanisms are used by the:

Cari often has temper tantrums and pouts when she can't have her own way. She often behaves impulsively and becomes extremely impatient if she can't have the things that she wants immediately. According to Freud's view of the personality, Cari's personality appears to be dominated by

Emma believes that she will succeed in business if she works hard and carefully manages her time. Her belief most clearly illustrates:

A student who is quite honest turns in a paper of another student as his own. When accused of dishonesty, he says "nowadays everybody cheats in school, but I'm always honest." The student is using which type of defense mechanism?

Veena gets poor grades no matter how hard she studies, so she has simply given up studying. Veena's behavior most clearly reflects:

According to Freud's theory, the ego:

Callie just gave birth to her sixth daughter. Unconsciously, she resents the baby's birth and wishes the infant would have died during delivery. However, when she cares for her infant she showers her with exaggerated care and affection. According to Freud, Callie may be unconsciously dealing with her hostile feelings toward her new baby using the defense mechanism of

Id is to pleasure principle as

Searching for identity by fulfilling needs is basic to the theory of

According to Freud, the unconscious is:

Freud emphasized that unresolved childhood conflicts often lead to:

Roberto tends to focus on people and things around him and is outgoing, talkative, and friendly. Jung would refer to Robert as an

According to Freud, children develop unconscious sexual desires for the parent of the opposite sex during the ______ stage.

When Professor McKay nervously began teaching a university class for the first time, he overestimated the extent to which his students would notice that he was anxious. His reaction best illustrates:

Athletes often attribute their losses to bad officiating. This best illustrates:

Adler is to individual psychology as Jung is to

A boy's sexual desires for his mother and feelings of hostility toward his father constitute what Freud called:

In class, the psychological definition of personality is one's reaction to the environment as determined by

When anthropologists compare ancient artifacts from South America, Europe, and Australia they often find similarities among the images that are depicted. Based on Jung's analytical psychology, some of these apparent similarities may stem from

Paula expects that diligent study will enable her to earn good grades on her tests. Paula's belief best illustrates:

Celine recently had a vivid dream that was strikingly similar to an ancient by unfamiliar religious myth. This coincidence would have been of particular interest to:

Abraham Maslow suggested that those who fulfill their potential have satisfied the need for:

Martin Seligman advocates a positive psychology, which focuses on topics such as:

A psychotherapist instructs Dane to relax, close his eyes, and state aloud whatever thoughts come to mind no matter how trivial or absurd. The therapist is using a technique known as:

Alfred Adler stressed what in his personality theory?

Daryl is taking a personality test in which he is shown a series of simple scenes. He is supposed to tell a story about what is happening in each scene and suggest what the characters are feeling. The test that Daryl is taking is the

In explaining why Cole is deceitful and has a tendency to lie, a psychologist who held a strong behavioral view towards personality development would consider Cole's

Howard sets extremely high standards for both himself and others. He tends to be rigid and inflexible and rarely allows himself to enjoy life. Freud would probably conclude that Howard is dominated by

A high school junior admires a movie star and follows the star's life on the screen and in the newspapers, experiencing the same emotions as the star would. The student is using what type of defense mechanism?

Ten-year-old Benjamin is often nervous about bringing report cards home to his parents. Although his parents say they love him, he feels that they only really love him when he obtains excellent grades in school. Based on the theory developed by Carl Rogers, Benjamin perceives his parents' affection as

Freud suggested that pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones as we progress through various:

Whenever Wanda is denied anything by her husband, she pouts and gives him the silent treatment. This immature way of dealing with reality can be referred to as

Esteban has a job that pays well, and he recently moved to a neighborhood where there is little crime. Lately, he finds that he is thinking seriously about finding the right person to settle down with, and raising a family. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, at this point in time Esteban is most likely motivated by

Because she is often rejected by her parents, Sally mistrusts other people and treats them with hostility, which leads to their rejection of her. This cycle of rejection, mistrust, hostility, and further rejection illustrates what is meant by:

Personality is best defined as an individual's:

A young man explained that he did poorly on his exam because his eyes hurt, the test was unfair, and he did not feel the subject was important anyway. The young man is using what type of defense mechanism?

Coretta is quiet, pessimistic, anxious, and moody. In terms of the Eysenck's basic personality dimensions she would be classified as:

Which theory proposes that faith in one's world view is used to defend against a deeply rooted fear of death?

The perception that one's fate is determined by luck reflects:

Which perspective most clearly emphasizes the interactive effects of internal personal factors and external environmental occurrences on human behavior?

Jeff, who is 14, engages in rigorous tennis drills or competitive play at least 4 hours every day because he wants to master the sport and play on one of the best college teams in the country. His goal and behavior best illustrate the concept of:

The eating of non-nutritive substances is the definition of which eating disorder?

Juan is a CEO of Hoola-Hoops, Inc. He sees his employees as lazy, untrustworthy creatures with no interest in their work. Thus, he offers a highly structured, heavily supervised work environment. Juan assumes that his employees are primarily motivated by ______ rewards.

Organizational psychologists are most likely to be involved in:

A drive is an internal state of

When an organism's weight falls below its set point, the organism is likely to experience a(n) ______ in hunger and a(n) ______ in its basal metabolic rate.

Destruction of the ventromedial hypothalamus of a rat is most likely to:

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of anorexia nervosa?

A body that can store fat has the advantage of possessing:

The body's tendency to maintain a constant internal state is known as:

Which of the following events would most likely cause an animal to overeat and become obese?

The fact that some people often ignore their hunger and skip lunch in anticipation of a special dinner is a direct contradiction to the ______ theory of motivation.

Although Cara has been obese for as long as she can remember, she is determined to lose excess body weight with a low-calorie diet. Cara is most likely to have difficulty becoming and staying thin because:

Carlos is so friendly that his job supervisors and co-workers often appraise his work skills and performance more positively than is actually warranted. This best illustrates evaluators' vulnerability to:

It is characteristic of robins to build nests. This is an example of:

Electrical stimulation of the ______ causes an animal to ________.

Santa Claus stops by your house to drop off presents and is feeling very hungry. He sees two cookies on the mantle and quickly devours them. Afterward, he no longer feels a need to eat. What theory of motivation best describes this situation?

Matt is a college sophomore who often becomes so fully absorbed in his course studies that he completely loses his awareness of how long he has been working. Matt's experience best illustrates:

Breana is telling a story about a character on a TAT card. In her story, Breana focuses on the fact that the character is daydreaming about being away from all the pressures of work and family, and spending quiet time in an isolated location. Breana's answer suggests that she MOST likely has

Ghrelin, a hormone that influences appetite, is secreted by the:

Deidre is constantly worried about being fat. In addition, a few times a week, she will eat large quantities of food and then force herself to vomit. As a result, she also suffers from nutritional imbalances, intestinal damage, and dental problems. Deidre is most likely suffering from

Researchers use biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis to understand eating disorders. The social-cultural level of analysis is especially likely to emphasize that eating disorders are influenced by:

Rudy has been on a strict diet of 1000 calories per day for the last six weeks. He lost considerably more weight in the first three weeks of his diet than in the last three because:

An instinctive behavior is one that is:

Which theory would be most helpful for explaining why people are motivated to watch horror movies?

Anu has just finished watching a movie about cement mixing that she thought was long and boring. According to the optimal arousal theory of motivation, Anu will most likely __________ next.

Which of the following statements would be the best advice for people who plan to lose weight by going on a restricted diet?

hypothermia refers to:

in a complete sexual response cycle:

Stefan is an individual who has a high need for achievement. His boss has three jobs that need to be completed; one job is easy, one job is moderately difficult, and one job is extremely difficult. If Stefan is allowed to choose which of the three jobs he will undertake for his boss, you would expect that Stefan will

Food deprivation is to ________ as hunger is to _________.

People sometimes choose a certain career because they want to please their parents. This is an example of a(n) __________ factor as a motivational source.

Our sexual attraction toward members of either the same sex or the opposite sex is called our:

Homeostasis is a state of

New research has linked women's obesity to their risk of late-life:

Kent and Jebreel both ask Danielle out on a date. Kent is very attractive and a lot of fun to be with, but he is also unemployed. Jebreel is older than Kent, has a secure job, and owns his own home; however, Jebreel is quite unattractive and not very much fun. Danielle chooses to go out with Jebreel instead of Kent. The _______ theory of motivation would best predict Danielle's choice.

The need to master difficult challenges, outperform others, and meet high standards of excellence is referred to as

The Thematic Apperception Test has been used to assess an individual's

The role of learning in motivation is most obvious from the influence of:

Lauren and Curtis both spend six hours per week studying for their botany course. Lauren is concerned that if she doesn't study she will fail the course; Curtis is concerned that if he doesn't study he won't earn the highest grade in the class. In this example

Foolish conformity to peer pressure is most likely to be motivated by _______ needs.

The arousal theory of motivation would be most useful for understanding the aversive effects of:

When a rat's blood sugar level decreases, the ____________ hypothalamus releases the hunger-triggering hormone _________.

Royce is telling a story about a character on a TAT card. In his story, Royce focuses on the character's anxiety as she prepares a speech that will be presented in front of her classmates. He indicates that the character has spent a great deal of time worrying whether the speech may alienate some of her friends. Royce's response to this TAT card suggests that he most likely has

Imagine you are a male three-spined stickleback (a fish). You come across a nest of unfertilized three-spined stickleback eggs and you can't help but do a particular dance and then go ahead and fertilize the eggs. Which theory of motivation accounts for your behavior?

An incentive is a(n):

Developing assessment tools for selecting and placing employees is of most direct relevance to:

When meeting job applicants, employers often discount the influence of varying situations on applicants' behaviors and presume that what they observe applicants do and say reflects the applicants' enduring personality traits. This most clearly contributes to:

The reason many anorexics have dental problems is from:

According to Maslow, our need for ________ must be met before we are prompted to satisfy our need for ______.

Herb's mother tells him to eat his oatmeal, which he dislikes, or gets a spanking. He is faced with what type of conflict?

Imagine that your house is on fire and you are afraid. Which of the following explanations best represents Schachter's two-factor theory?

For purposes of lie detection, investigators have most commonly made use of a(n):

Scott is taking a course in American History, and his professor has given all the students in the class a choice between completing a in-class final exam that will count for 60% of their final grade, or writing a 25-page term paper that will count for 60% of their final grade. As Scott considers which of these two options he will choose, he is facing

The process by which we perceive and respond to events that threaten or challenge us is called:

The concept of relative deprivation refers to the perception that:

Although stress does not create cancer cells, it may affect their growth by suppressing the activity of:

The facial expressions associated with particular emotions are:

Researchers have found that people experience cartoons as more amusing while holding a pen with their teeth than while holding it with their lips. This finding best serves to support the:

The theory of emotions that believes bodily changes and emotions occur simultaneously is

Primates at the top of the social pecking order are less likely to contract coldlike viral infections than those with lower social status. This best illustrates the value of:

As Erica watched the televised drawing of the lottery numbers, she realized she had the winning combination. If her heart starts to race at the same instant that she feels euphoria over winning the lottery, Erica's response pattern would lend support to

As people experience negative emotions:

Religiously active people have ________ socially supportive relationships and ________ healthy life-styles than those who are not religiously active.

The catharsis hypothesis refers to the idea that:

Ten distinct and basic emotions were identified by:

Tatiana just finished entering her 10-page term paper into one of the computers in the University's computer lab. She clicks the "save" command, and the computer unexpectedly locks up. When she reboots the computer she discovers that all but the first two pages of her term paper have been lost. At this point in time Tatiana is most likely experiencing

The two-factor theory of emotion was proposed by:

The method of reacting to stress in which the person protects themselves from psychological harm is called

Imagine that an individual has taken medication that has lowered his or her overall level of autonomic arousal. If this person reports less intense emotional experiences, it would provide some support for

Megan is looking at the ballot form for a citywide referendum and trying to decide whether or not to support the proposed change. If the referendum passes there will be better services available for all the city residents, but it will also mean that residents will pay increased property taxes. As Megan tries to decide whether to support the proposed referendum, she is facing

Conflict occurs when a person

Electronically recording, amplifying, and displaying information regarding subtle physiological responses is called:

Frustration is usually felt in situations where

Rosemary recently married her high school sweetheart, and they moved into a wonderful new condominium. A week after the move, Rosemary was offered a job that she had been hoping she would get. At this point in time, Rosemary can't imagine being any happier. According to Holmes and Rahe, Rosemary is likely to be experiencing

Dr. Gouin believes that getting a promotion at work or getting married is just as stressful as losing a job or getting a divorce. Dr. Gouin's beliefs are most like those of

Schachter's concept of emotion stresses that

During World War II, promotion rates in the U.S. Air Corps were so rapid for the group as a whole that many individual soldiers in this military branch were unhappy about the speed at which they were promoted. Their unhappiness is best explained in terms of the:

Which of the following is a method or way in which a stressful situation could be perceived as less stressful?

In describing the two dimensions of emotion, fear is to terror as anger is to:

walking home from work late one night, Jaydra suddenly hears footsteps behind her. Her heart pounds, her muscles tense, and her mouth goes dry. These body responses are activated by her _________ nervous system.

Demands or expectations to behave in a certain way define the notion of

The adaptation-level phenomenon refers to the tendency for our judgments and events to be heavily influenced by our:

The sympathetic nervous system is to the parasympathetic nervous system as ______ is to ______

Matt has been experiencing severe stomach aches and his physician strongly recommends that he enroll in an anger-management class. The physician has probably diagnosed Matt's stomach aches as a(n) ______ illness

A young person is faced with the problem of whether or not to stop smoking cigarettes. He knows that smoking will probably cause some type of injury to his health, and so he does not wish to continue smoking. He also knows that most of his friends smoke and will give him a hard time if he does try to quit. He is faced with what type of conflict?

The GSR is usually considered to be

Which theory states that emotion results from the cognitive labeling of our physiological arousal?

The first phase of the general adaptation syndrome is:

The results of the experiment in which college men were injected with epinephrine prior to spending time with either a euphoric or an irritated person support the idea that:

Which brain structure has been found to be especially important in learning to fear specific objects?

The closing of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle is known as:

As the three children approached the house that everyone claimed was haunted, Yvette was apprehensive, Mackenzie was afraid, and Jayme was terrified. Robert Plutnik would suggest that these three children were

As a psychologist employed by a medical school, Dr. McNerney specializes in research on the causes of stress and on the effectiveness of various techniques for coping with stress. Dr. McNerney is most likely a(n) ______ psychologist

People are most biologically predisposed to learn to fear:

Some paralyzed humans have learned to bring their blood pressure under conscious control by means of:

According to Arnold's theory of emotions, what is the correct order of events in which emotions develop in real life?

People are especially good at quickly detecting facial expressions of:

If intense fears of specific objects disrupt people's ability to cope, they are said to experience:

During a state of emotional arousal, the adrenal glands release ________ into the bloodstream

What is the most common form of hallucination in the schizophrenic?

Chantel's four children were killed in an automobile accident, which Chantel survived. When police questioned her about the events surrounding the accident, Chantel is unable to remember anything. She remembers getting into her car to drive her children to school, and she remembers her trip by ambulance to the local hospital, but everything in between is a complete "blank." IN this case, Chantel's symptoms are MOST consistent with

Which of the following disorders is more common among men than women?

Rishi, a college student, complains that he feels apprehensive and fearful most of the time but doesn't know why. Without warning, his heart begins to pound, his hands get icy, and he breaks out in a cold sweat. Rishi most likely suffers from a(n):

Behavior that does not coincide with cultural norms may be considered to be

For the past month Lawrence seems to have lost interest in most of his normal activities. He feels irritable, and he has had difficulty sleeping. He also finds that he has difficulty making decisions. Lawrence's symptoms are MOST consistent with those seen in

Etiology refers to the

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia are the _______ of inappropriate behaviors, and negative symptoms are the ________ of appropriate behaviors

After Charles Darwin began suffering panic disorder, he lived in relative seclusion and traveled only in his wife's company. His panic disorder was apparently accompanied by:

Among schizophrenia patients, the fluid-filled areas of the brain are:

Dysthymic disorder is to _________ as cyclothymic disorder is to ______

Three months ago, Sheldon's 7-year-old daughter was killed when a car swerved out of control and hit her as she waited to cross the street. As the police told Sheldon about the accident he felt everything start to go black, and then he found he couldn't see at all. Since then he has been to a number of specialists, but none of the specialists can find anything wrong with his visual system. Sheldon's pupils respond normally to light, and there is activity in the visual cortex when images are presented. Still, Sheldon claims that he cannot see anything. In this case, Sheldon's symptoms are MOST consistent with

Two years after being brutally beaten and raped, Brianna still experiences jumpy anxiety and has trouble sleeping and vivid flashbacks of her assault. Brianna is most clearly showing signs of

Several weeks after being fired from a job he had held for more than 20 years, Landon awoke one morning in a state of bewildered confusion. He had little sense of who he was and even failed to recognize his wife. Landon's experience is most indicative of:

Dopamine overactivity appears to be most clearly related to:

Psychiatrists and psychologists label behavior as disordered when it is:

A post-traumatic stress disorder is considered to be a(n) ________ disorder

Which of the following terms refers to the future course of a condition or illness?

Free-floating anxiety is MOST characteristic of

Using DSM-IV guidelines, two different clinicians are likely to give a specific patient the same diagnosis. This indicates that the DSM-IV is:

According to the medical model, psychological disorders are:

If individuals expect someone labeled as mentally ill to be hostile, they may act in unfriendly ways that provoke that person to respond with hostility. This illustrated the dangers of:

Of those who talk of suicide, _______actually attempt suicide. Of those who attempt suicide, __________ succeed in completing the act

"Gradually developing" is to "suddenly developing" as _______ schizophrenia is to _______ schizophrenia

One of the positive symptoms of paranoid schizophrenia includes:

Insanity is a legal status indicating that

A feeling that "things are not real" and that there is little awareness of time and place is called

In regard to psychological disorders, prevalence refers to

Dr. Underhill is reviewing the records from a patient who has just been referred tor treatment. He is carefully considering the symptoms that have been documented, and is attempting to identify the type of psychological disorder the individual is most likely to have. Dr. Underhill is currently focusing on

The study of the incidence and distribution of mental or physical disorders within a population defined the discipline known as

A fundamental problem with the diagnostic labeling of psychologically disordered behaviors is that the labels often:

Judicial systems are responsible for making decisions regarding:

Manuel is extremely shy and is so easily embarrassed when he is with other people that he often misses his college classes just to avoid social interactions. Manuel appears to suffer from a(n):

The disorganized schizophrenic used to be called the:

In a study by David Rosenhan (1973), researchers were admitted as patients into various mental hospitals after they falsely claimed to be "hearing voices." This study best illustrated the negative effects of:

Rats who received unpredictable electric shocks in a laboratory experiment subsequently became apprehensive when returned to that same laboratory setting. This best illustrates that anxiety disorders may result from:

jabar, a 25-year-old auto mechanic, thinks he is Napoleon. He further believes he is being imprisoned against his will in the mental hospital where his relatives have brought him for treatment. Jabar is most likely suffering from:

A therapist claims that Luke's irrational fear of snakes results from repressed childhood feelings of hostility toward his own father. The therapist's interpretation reflects a _______ perspective.

Sophie takes over 40 different vitamins and herbal remedies each day to keep herself in top physical health. Recently she had some severe dizziness, but her family doctor assured her that it was just a minor ear infection that would clear up in a few days. Sophie is concerned because she is sure the ear infection is the sign of something much more serious, such as a brain tumor, and she has made appointments with three different specialists to have more testing done. In this case, Sophie's symptoms are MOST consistent with

If research indicated that phobias result from a chemical imbalance in the central nervous system, this would most clearly give added credibility to:

Fear-learning experiences can traumatize the brain by creating fear circuits within the:

Abby was watching a documentary on some of the horrors of the Vietnam War. Even when she saw soldiers being blown up after stepping on land mines, she showed no emotional reaction or response. In this case, Abby is displaying symptoms of

Cooper is an auto mechanic at a local garage. However, he is convinced that his phone line is tapped and all the rooms in his house have listening devices planted, so that the enemy agents can learn all his secret conversations. He never takes the same route to work two days in a row, to prevent the enemy agents, from following him and learning where he works. In this case, it appears that Cooper is experiencing

Matt is restless and often jumps out of his seat or interferes with ongoing class activities in response to the sound of outside traffic. Matt most clearly exhibits symptoms of:

Learning theorists have suggested that compulsive behaviors are:

A physical ailment that results, in part, from psychological factors without any accompanying physical basis is referred to as

In terms of neurotransmitter levels, depression is associated with:

A schizoid personality disorder is most likely to be characterized by:

Damian has brief attacks of overwhelming anxiety in which his heart pounds and he can't control his breathing. He never knows when the next attack is going to occur. In this case, Damian's symptoms are MOST consistent with

George Fredric Handel composed his Messiah during three weeks of intense, creative energy. Many believe Handel suffered a mild form of:

Melissa suffers from auditory hallucinations and falsely believes that her former high school teachers are trying to kill her. Melissa's symptoms are most likely to be relieved by _______ drugs

electroconvulsive shock therapy (ECT):

Kayla has a psychological disorder, and her doctor has prescribed an MAO inhibitor to reduce the severity of Kayla's symptoms. In this case, Kayla's therapist is MOST likely treating her for

The use of the anxiety hierarchy in systematic desensitization allows for the

Dr. Nenning is a psychotherapist who is extremely supportive of all his clients. He encourages his clients to talk about their concerns, and he often acts as a sounding board, restating and clarifying the themes that come to the surface as his clients speak freely about their concerns and problems. Dr. Nenning appears to be

Cognitive therapies have achieved especially favorable results in the treatment of:

Which of the following biomedical treatments provides some of the benefits of ETC without triggering seizures or memory loss?

Which of the following statements best represents the approach of a COGNITIVE therapist in treating a chronically anxious client?

Beth is so terrified of snakes that even walking on sidewalks covered with earthworms after a rain storm makes he feel anxious. Her behavioral therapist has been helping Beth overcome her fear by having her work through an anxiety hierarchy while she maintains a state of deep relaxation. In this case, her therapist is using

Deinstitutionalization means that

Which drugs are designed to depress central nervous system activity?

In which form of therapy is unwanted behavior systematically associated with unpleasant experiences?

A therapist who takes an eclectic approach is one who:

The study of the effect of drugs on mind and behavior is called:

Eartha has been experiencing mental confusion, hallucinations, and delusions. Her parents schedule an appointment with a therapist to find out if there is something she can take to reduce her symptoms. In this case, the doctor will MOST likely prescribe

Which of the following psychologists is MOST likely to deal with the most severe mental health problems?

Mario recently started seeing a therapist. At the start of each session, Mario lies down and starts talking about anything that comes to mind. He often rambles, and he sometimes thinks that the things he describes seem trivial or silly, but his therapist encourages him to say whatever comes into his mind. This therapeutic technique is common among therapists who use

SSRIs are prescribed to:

Inflated estimates of the value of antidepressant drugs are in large part due to the fact that patient recovery often results from:

Antipsychotic drugs have proved helpful in the treatment of:

Which of the following is a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different studies?

What do psychoanalytic, client-centered, and cognitive therapies have in common?

Generally speaking, the majority of clinical psychologists describe themselves as using

Light exposure therapy was developed to relieve symptoms of:

Long term use of certain antipsychotic drugs can produce involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs. This menacing condition is known as:

Which psychosurgical procedure was designed to calm uncontrollable emotional or violent patients?

Which drug sometimes helps patients exhibiting negative symptoms of schizophrenia such as apathy and withdrawal?

Mr. Gotanda mistakenly believed that a single intake interview in which he simply described his numerous symptoms to a therapist was a treatment for his distress. His immediate relief from many of his symptoms following this session best illustrates:

Mary has a psychological disorder, and her doctor has prescribed a drug from the benzodiazepine family to reduce the severity of Mary's symptoms. In this case, Mary's therapist is MOST likely treating her for

Xanax would most likely be prescribed in order to help:

Rogers named his technique "client-centered therapy" to emphasize his belief that

When Murli told his therapist, "I came to see what you could do for me," the therapist responded, "It sounds like you're feeling you need some help. Am I right?" The therapist's response illustrates the technique of:

Mr. McCardle's excessive feelings of helplessness and despondency are periodically interrupted by episodes in which he experiences extreme feelings of personal power and a grandiose optimism about his future. Which drug would most likely be prescribed to alleviate his symptoms?

Clients often stay in touch with their psychotherapists only if satisfied with the treatment they received. This helps us understand why therapists:

Jimmy has been in psychotherapy for several months, but during the last few sessions he has been distracted and inattentive. When his therapist asks him to describe any dreams he has had recently, Jimmy insists that he doesn't remember any of his dreams. According to Freud, Jimmy's behavior may be a sign of

Many self-help groups have emulated the use of _______ by Alcoholics Anonymous.

Which of the following therapies are mainly intended to eliminate symptoms rather than alter personality?

The theoretical difference between a clinical psychologist and a counseling psychologist is that

Which therapeutic approach emphasizes that people are often disturbed because of their negative interpretations of events?

Leslie has been feeling depressed for a number of weeks. She thinks she may need to see a therapist to help her overcome her depressions, but she doesn't want to see anyone who is going to dwell on her childhood and try to work through any problems she experienced years ago. She wants to see someone who will focus on direct treatment of her current symptoms. In this example. it appears that Leslie is looking for a therapist whose approach to treatment would be classified as

Repeatedly introducing people to things they fear and avoid is most characteristic of:

According to Beck, which types of thought processes tend to produce depressions?

Lithium is often an effective _____ drug.

Group therapy is typically more effective than individual therapy for:

Jenna is afraid of speaking to a large audience. Her therapist suggests that prior to a speaking engagement she should reassure herself with comments like, "Cheer up, Jenna. You know what you're talking about and your topic is really interesting!" This approach to reducing Jenna's fear most clearly illustrates:

Psychoanalytic interpretation is designed to promote:

Which approach would attempt to minimize psychological disorders by working to reduce the incidence of child abuse and illiteracy in society?

Chlorpromazine is an antipsychotic drug that reduces paranoia and hallucinations by:

Prozac is an antidepressant drug that partially blocks the reabsorption and removal of _______ from synapses.

Clive is a clinical psychologist and his sister Grace is a psychiatrist. The main difference between these two professionals would be the fact that Clive would

Steve is the manager of a local store. His management style involves keeping strict control over what his employees are doing. Steve always makes sure everyone is working at what he has decided they should be doing. What type of leader is Steve?

You've just been awarded a full scholarship for next year, which you perceive as confirmation of your superior intellectual ability. According to Weiner's model, you are making an _____ attribution about your success.

In Asch's studies of conformity, subjects

Mr. Ignatenko thinks that most unemployed people are to blame for their own misfortune. His belief best illustrates a potential consequence of:

Gender identity refers to:

Ever since he lost his job because he was constantly late for work, Richard has become increasingly hostile toward the "government bureaucrats who are leading the country toward bankruptcy." Richard's increasing prejudice is best explained in terms of:

Which of the following social influence techniques involves getting someone to commit to an attractive proposition before its hidden costs are revealed?

Montel, a white university student, is on academic probation for poor grades. Ever since he received notice of his probation, Montel has become increasingly hostile toward racial minority students and staff on campus. His increasing hostility can best be explained in terms of:

In the local group to which Tom belongs, he finds that he is only able to talk with the leader of the group. Later, he finds that everyone in the group can only talk with the leader and no one else in the group. What type of communication pattern best describes the type of group that Tom is in?

In 1963, President John F. Kennedy announced to the then Soviet Union that the United States would discontinue all atmospheric nuclear tests. The Soviet's positive response to this conciliatory gesture illustrated the potential value of:

According to the fundamental attribution error, actors tend to attribute their own behavior to _____ factors, and observers tend to attribute the behavior of others to _______ factors.

Diffusion of responsibility often plays an important role in the:

The text defines social psychology as the scientific study of how people _______ one another.

Altruism is best described as:

Natasha and Dimitri have a fulfilling marital relationship because they readily confide their deepest hopes and fears to each other. This best illustrates the value of:

Steve belongs to an organization set up by the recreation department in his community, which attempts to bring together people of the community for a variety of social events. The group puts on a number of activities and dances during the year for anyone who wants to join the group. The group is basically made up of young singles in the community, but anyone is free to join. Which of the following terms describe Steve's group?

When teased by his older sister, 9-year-old Waldo does not cry because he has learned that boys are not expected to. Waldo's behavior best illustrates the importance of:

The affectionate attachment that keeps a relationship going after passionate feelings cool is known as:

You were presenting a talk to a group of people considered experts in the field you were talking about. Which of the following would be the best to do in convincing them of your argument?

When Armen first heard the hit song "Gotta Love It," he wasn't at all sure he liked it. The more often he heard it played, however, the more he enjoyed it. Armen's reaction illustrates:

Obedience is a form of compliance in which people change their behavior in response to

Lewis has agreed to proofread a long legal brief that Trudy has written, even though he doesn't really like Trudy. Lewis knows that he will not receive any additional pay for his extra work, and he thinks that proofreading is one of the most boring jobs there is. However, after the legal brief is finished, Lewis decides that proofreading isn't such a bad job after all; he feels that at times he actually enjoyed the exacting work. The change in attitude that Lewis has experienced can best be explained using

Prejudice is to discrimination as

The best explanation for the inaction of bystanders during the Kitty Genovese murder is that they failed to:

People at a prom, a wedding reception, or a Walk for the Arts would be considered what type of crowd?

Which theory suggests that altruistic behavior is governed by calculations of rewards and costs?

After Manny's father refused to let him use the family car on Friday night, Manny let all the air out of the tires. His action is best explained in terms of the:

Six-year-old Ezra believes that boys are better than girls, while 5-year-old Arlette believed that girls are better than boys. Their beliefs most clearly illustrate:

After the Greenway family accepted their neighbor's invitation to Thanksgiving dinner, Mrs. Greenway felt obligated to invite the neighbors to Christmas dinner. Mrs. Greenway's sense of obligation most likely resulted from:

Mr. Eskenazi frowns when his son cries but hugs his daughter when she cries. Mr. Eskenazi's contribution to the gender-typing of his children would most likely be highlighted by:

After Ravi lost the student election for president of his high school class, he spread false rumors intended to spoil the newly chosen president's reputation. Ravi's behavior is best explained in terms of the:

People tend to prefer a(n) _______ photograph of themselves and a(n) _________ photograph of a close friend.

Mike is a member of a committee set up by the school board. Mike's main concern with the activity of the group is that everyone in the group has a chance to state his or her view of the issue at hand. Anytime there is a problem between the members of the committee, Mike has been the one to reduce the tension. Everyone likes Mike, even though he has no official leadership position in the group. What type of leader is Mike?

A situation in which the individual pursuit of self-interest leads to collective destruction is known as:

Gender differences in verbal fluency are consistent with evidence that part of the:

After their country was ravaged by a series of earthquakes, two bitterly antagonistic political groups set aside their differences and worked cooperatively on effective disaster relief. This cooperation best illustrates the importance of:

An expectation that people will help those who depend on them is known as the:

David, Roger, Ian and Keith were debating whether the Hoopsters or the Dunkers were the better basketball team. When they started their debate all four friends thought the Hoopsters were slightly better, but after an hour they have now come to the conclusion that the Hoopsters are so much better that they will probably take the division title. The process that would best explain the strengthening of opinion that occurred in this example would be

Which of the following social influence techniques involves getting people to agree to a small request to increase the chances that they will agree to a larger request later?

Maya has always preferred individual assignments to group projects, because she finds that she can accomplish more when she works on her own. The process that would best explain why Maya accomplishes less when she works as part of a group is

Only when experimental participants were informed that a woman was raped did they perceive the woman's behavior as inviting rape. This best illustrates that victim-blaming is fueled by:

Those who suggest that choices we make today determine what our future will be like are emphasizing the importance of:

Haley thinks Keith's silence indicates that he's angry, so she avoids talking to him. Unfortunately, Keith thinks Haley's quietness signifies that she's angry and wants to be left alone. This situation best illustrates:

Research on physical attractiveness indicates that:

Denying a person equal social treatment based on his or her group membership defines

Just hearing someone reading a neutral text in a sad voice creates "mood contagion" in listeners. This best illustrates:

Kirstie's boss asks for input about ways the company can improve its current advertising campaign. However, every time an employee offers a suggestion that differs from the plan that the boss has sketched out, the suggestion is ignored completely. In this case, it is likely that the group that is supposed to improve the company's advertising will experience the effects of

Orville thinks his girlfriend derives more benefits from their relationship than he does, even though he contributes more to the relationship. Orville most clearly believes that their relationship lacks:

In Milgram's research on obedience, what was the teacher's perception of what would happen when the learner made a mistake?

Phoebe saw the passenger in the seat across the aisle suddenly slump forward in her seat. While the other passengers looked around for a flight attendant, Phoebe immediately started to administer CPR. In this case, Phoebe's actions are the opposite of what would be expected based on

When Stacey's husband has had a frustrating day at work, he is easily irritated and sometimes screams at her. According to Freud, when Stacey's husband yells at her, he is employing the defense mechanism known as

Andre is very organized and efficient but also very anxious and tense. Which two of the Big-Five personality terms best describe Andre?

Drive reduction theory has the greatest difficulty explaining the behavior of

Which of the following statements about polygraphs is most accurate?

Duncan just had an unpleasant encounter with his chemistry instructor. As he walks angrily away, he notices that his heart is pounding rapidly and he is perspiring. As he passes a mirror he notices that his face is also beet red. Duncan's __________ system is responsible for this reaction.

Darlene is always helping people, even when it involves a potential cost or risk to herself. She has no expectation that she will be rewarded for her actions. Darlene might be described as highly

Becci is extremely afraid of snakes. Her therapist puts her in a room full of snakes and doesn't allow her to leave for several hours. When Becci leaves the room, she is no longer afraid of snakes. Becci's therapist helped her overcome her snake phobia through the use of __________, which is a technique used by _________ therapists.

Twenty-year-old Elton inherited a predisposition to depression and was brought up by a manic-depressive mother. Until now, Elton has avoided depression, but according to the diathesis-stress model, he may develop depression if he

Which of the following characteristics would be most likely to be exhibited by a person with narcissistic personality disorder?

Tilda took a personality test on Friday and learned that she was high on extraversion and agreeableness. On Monday, she tool a different form of the test and found that she was high on extraversion and agreeableness. This personality test is based on the _______ theory of personality and is high in _____.

According to the James-Lange theory, the conscious experience of emotion _______ physiological arousal; according to the Cannon-Bard theory, the conscious experience of emotion ________ physiological arousal.

Imagine that your house is on fire and you are afraid. Which of the following explanations best represents Schachter's two-factor theory?

Gini has been diagnosed with major depression. Anti-depressant drugs have not been effective, and she has threatened to commit suicide on several occasions. Which of the following therapies would her psychiatrist most likely try next to help alleviate Gini's condition?

Hayden is at Subway, and he overhears a group of friends at a table talking about why people are innately afraid of snakes. One guy says it is because we inherit memories from our ancestors but that we are not consciously aware of these memories. Everyone laughs at him. Hayden turns to their table and says, "I've heard of that theory. It's known as

Mr. Boyd is having trouble with students in his seventh grade science class getting along with each other. He decides that if they work on a science project together to present to the entire middle school, they will cooperate and get along because of their larger shared goal. Mr. Boyd is trying to create a ______ for his students.

According to Freud, if conflicts at any given psychosexual stage are unresolved, the

Imagine that your house is on fire and you are afraid. Which of the following explanations best represents the James-Lange theory?

Which of the following is commonly used to treat the symptoms of bipolar disorder?

Kris is taking the TAT test. She looks at a picture and says, "The woman in the picture is trying to solve a problem at work. She is thinking hard. She knows if she thinks about it long enough, she'll be able to figure it out." This response reflects _______ motivation.

Schachter's two-factor theory of emotion suggests that we distinguish between the experience of different emotions on the basis of

Patrick and Amanda are team leaders in a small organization. Patrick does not supervise his team very closely, is always asking for team members' ideas, and is very concerned about people's feelings and job satisfaction. Amanda, however, supervises her team very closely, gives direct orders without asking members' opinions, and does not encourage a lot of discussion among team members. Patrick is a(n) __________ leader, whereas Amanda is a(n) ________ leader.

Deidre is constantly worried about being fat. In addition, a few times a week, she will eat large quantities of food and then force herself to vomit. As a result, she also suffers from nutritional imbalances, intestinal damage, and dental problems. Deidre is most likely suffering from

One problem with the common-sense view of emotions, the James-Lange theory of emotions, and the Cannon-Bard theory of emotions, is that all three fail to consider the role of

Dilbert has many traits that help him succeed at his job as an engineer. He is organized, efficient, dependable, thorough, and productive. According to the Big Five model of personality, Dilbert is high in ______ and low in _______.

Kristine and Nicole are seeing therapists for their psychological problems. Kristine constantly thinks that she is stupid and worthless, and sometimes she has thoughts of killing herself. Nicole cleans her house so much that she doesn't have time to do anything else; she realizes that her house is already clean, but she can't help herself. Their therapists are most likely treating Kristine for her ________ and treating Nicole for her ________.

Leon is intrinsically motivated to wash his neighbor's car. Accordingly, he expects his neighbor to give him

Roland was hungry, so he went to McFood Place. But when he got in line, he realized he didn't have any money. He saw a woman set her french fries down on a table, then walk away. Roland quickly grabbed the fries and left. According to Freud, Roland's actions were driven by his ______, which operates on the _____ principle.

Randolph is playing badminton, a task he is particularly good at. Soon, a crowd gathers to watch him play. Randolph ends up having one of the best badminton games of his life. His improved performance is a result of social

When Lani has an unpleasant task to complete, such as writing a term paper, she sets up rewards for herself. When she completes her outline, she watches TV for one hour. When she completes the rough draft, she spends an evening relaxing with her friends. When she finished the final draft, she goes to the mall and purchases a CD she has been wanting. The _______ theory of motivation best explains Lani's behavior.

Spencer is about to be evaluated at his job, when he wakes up Monday morning and finds he is paralyzed and cannot go to work. On Friday evening, Spencer is miraculously able to walk again, yet the following Monday he is once again paralyzed. Spencer is most likely suffering from ______ disorder.

Sylvester suffers from schizophrenia. He has negative symptoms, such as never feeling pleasure; he also has positive symptoms, which could include all of the following except

Raul often vascillates between days of unbridled exuberance and a feeling that he can "take on the world" to days when he cannot drag himself from bed to go to class. According to the DSM, Raul most likely has a(n) ________ disorder.

Research on the role of the amygdala in the modulation of emotion has focused mainly on which of the following emotions?

Dr. Noonan believes that psychological disorders are the result of unresolved unconscious conflicts from childhood. For example, she believes that panic attacks occur when a person's instinctual impulses become too overwhelming. Dr. Noonan believes in the _______ approach to psychopathology.

As Tevin walked into the strange house, the lights suddenly went out and he heard a loud groan off to one side. Based on the common sense view of emotions, Tevin should report

Which of the following is not considered to be an anxiety disorder?

According to Schachter's two-factor theory of emotion

You are a space alien who wishes to conquer the earth. You use a special ray gun that makes humans immobile by making them too fat to move. Your ray gun should __________ in the hypothalamus

Discrimination is the _______ component of a prejudiced attitude.

Ezekiel asks, "Mom, may I eat a hot fudge sundae with extra whipped cream?" When his mother replies that he may not, Ezekiel then asks if he may eat one cookie. Ezekiel is using the ___________ strategy fro gaining compliance

A psychologist at a mental health center was confused about how to diagnose a client. Which objective personality test might the psychologist administer to help develop a diagnosis?

Vendela believes she did poorly on her driver's exam because she was too busy with other responsibilities to practice enough. However, she believes the other low scorers did poorly because they are bad drivers. Vendela's reasoning demonstrates the

Part of client-centered therapy consists of the therapist treating the client as a valued person, regardless of what they say or do. Approval is not necessary, but acceptance without judgement is. Which of the following therapist attitudes does this describe?

Winston has been taking neuroleptics for several years, and he now suffers from an irreversible disorder of the nervous system that involves uncontrollable, repetitive movements of the body and face. Winston probably began taking neuroleptics to treat his ______, but the drug led to the disorder known as _______.

The James-Lange theory of emotions focuses on the ______ determinants of emotions.

Which of the following is the primary pattern of sexual response?

Kerry and Riamsalat dated a couple of times, but Kerry wasn't too interested and hadn't called Riamsalat for over a month. However, when she received a birthday card from Riamsalat in the main, she called him and decided to ask him out. This change in Kerry's attitude was probably due to

Your therapist is helping you to overcome irrational thoughts you have developed. Specifically, he asks you to complete "homework" to help you challenge your false beliefs. Your therapist likely adheres to the principles of _______ therapy.

At about age four, Bart begins to find his mother Marge quite sexually attractive. He feels the urge to kill his father Homer, so that he doesn't have to share his mother. However, Bart fears that Homer might get angry and retaliate against him. According to Freud, Bart is experiencing the _______ complex, which occurs during the ______ stage of development.

Phani's therapist asks her to report everything that comes to mind no matter how trivial or bizarre it may seem. Phani's therapist is using

As Danica saw the headlights coming directly at her through the fog on the highway, her blood pressure rode quickly, and she felt her heart start to race. There reactions are part of

Chad can only tune into two stations on his car's radio. One station plays only country music, while the other station plays disco music. Because Chad hates both types of music he is faced with a(n) ________ conflict.

Nduta is developing a new test to assess individuals' personalities. She asks people to draw a picture of their families, and then she interprets the drawing to reflect aspects of the individual's personality. Nduta's test is a(n) ________ test of personality.

Leonard suffers from schizophrenia and lives in an institution. One day he walked up to one of the staff members and said, "Humble ports on the window overlook flying dunk myriad nevertheless honcho overload." Leonard's speech is an example of

In the most recent studies on factors affecting conformity, which of the following was found to have the least influence on whether or not a person will conform?

Which of the following is the best example of an action that maintains homeostasis?

Dr. Schwartz is a humanistic psychologist. There are many things that he believes about his clients. Which of the following is not one of them?

Yaveen is writing a paper criticizing the humanistic approach to personality. What is the best title for his paper?

Which of the following is most likely to be used in the modern biological treatment of a mental disorder?

In a tug-of-war competition, Teniel pulled much harder on the rope when competing as an individual than when she competed as a member of a team. This phenomenon is known as

Claudia has not left her house in ten years. If she steps on the front porch she becomes so uneasy that she has to return inside. Claudia is most likely suffering from _______, which is a(n) _______ disorder.

According to drive reduction theory, an imbalance in homeostasis creates a(n) ______, to which the brain responds by creating a psychological state called a(n) _______.

Mario tells his therapist, "I am so confused about what area I want to major in." His therapist says, "So, you seem to be having trouble deciding what to study." Mario's therapist used

Sally goes to Lucy for psychotherapy. In Lucy's office, Sally relaxes and says whatever comes to her mind. She also describes her dreams, and Lucy offers interpretations. Lucy claims that these methods help Sally become aware of her unconscious mind. Lucy is most likely a ________ psychotherapist.

Being able to play basketball at the skill level of Michael Jordan is very rare. Thus, Michael Jordan might be viewed as abnormal from the ______ approach to defining abnormality.

Most tests using the deviation IQ set the mean at

Simon cringes every time he hears a dentist's drill, even when he is sitting in the waiting room of his dentist's office. In this example, cringing in the waiting room is

Christine has been following the state lottery for over a year, and she has a record of the number of times every number has been selected. She is ready to invest $1000 in lottery tickets with the same six-number combination on each ticket. She is going to choose the six numbers that have occurred the least frequently in the last year because she is sure they will be picked eventually. In this case, Christine is showing evidence of

Jerome is 8 years old and has been determined to have a mental age of 10. What is Jerome's IQ?

In Serena's law class they are discussing high-profile cases, and when they get to the O.J. Simpson case, Serena suddenly has a vivid memory of watching the white Bronco driving slowly down the freeway. She feels like she can recall every detail of that night, right down to the snacks she and her roommate were eating. This would be an example of

Proactive interference occurs when

Destry recently completed the Artistic Reasoning Test (ART) for the third time in four months. The first time he took the test, his score was near the middle of the scale. The second time, he scored near the top of the scale; but for the most recent test, he scored near the bottom of the scale. Destry's scores for this test indicate that the test

Dave is thrown from his motorcycle and suffers a severe blow to the head, resulting in loss of memory for events that occurred before the accident. This is an example of

The continued presentation of the CS without the UCS will result in the gradual disappearance of the CR. This phenomenon is known as

At the preconventional level, the child decides if things are good or bad (moral) on the basis of whether they

Robert knows how to say "red" but when his cousin asks him to name the colors of the cars that drive past their house, he says red for the red cars, the blue cars, the green cars, and the black cars. Robert's use of this word illustrates

Your psychology professor asks you for the name of the individual who started the behavioral approach to the study of psychology. To answer this question correctly, you need to rely on your

The longest stage of prenatal development is the

A pigeon learns to peck at a disk lighted green to receive reinforcement, but not at a disk lighted red. This means that, for the pigeon, the color of the disk is

A student's organized set of expectations about how a college professor is supposed to act is an example of a

When a conditioned response shows spontaneous recovery, the rejuvenated response typically

Mary takes a course in which she is tested every two weeks. Her studying falls off right after a test, followed by a gradual increase to a rapid rate of studying as the next test approached. Her studying conforms to the typical pattern of responding maintained on

The Flynn effect is the finding that

An essay exam is most similar to the ______ method of measuring retention.

Stimulus discrimination is to stimulus generalization as reinforcement is to

When groups of subjects of differing age are compared at a single point in time, the study is called a

Mrs. Potter asks Malik if he wants his sandwich in one piece, or cut into two pieces. Malik's answer suggests that he

The technique used to teach animals complex tricks, such as teaching pigeons to play ping-pong, is

Dave is reminiscing about the first car he owned in high school and how he felt the first time he drove it through town. This is an example of

Noam Chomsky contended that

The difference between punishment and negative reinforcement is that

In relation to age, which of the following does NOT belong with the others?

Pavlov found that meat powder placed on a dog's tongue will make the dog salivate. In Pavlov's terms, the meat powder is

Omar's wife conceived a baby seven days ago, and does not yet know she is pregnant. His wife's pregnancy is currently in the

Mark is listening as his roommate lists 14 things that they need to buy for their apartment before the end of the week. Based on George Miller's research into the capacity of short-term memory, if Mark doesn't write the items down as he hears them, he is MOST likely to remember

When the word "jar" is changed to the word "jars," the number of

Females developing wider hips and males developing facial hair are examples of

Eduardo's mother always wore Chantille perfume, and when she would hug him or hold him close he could smell that scent. Today, whenever he catches a whiff of Chantille perfume, it makes him feel calm and relaxed. The learning process that could best account for Eduardo's response to the scent of Chantille perfume is

Elisa is entering survey data from adult males in a research study. One respondent has listed his height as 6 feet 5 inches, but the occupation is hard to decipher. Elisa thinks it might be basketball player or bank president. She decides to enter basketball player as the occupation. In this case, Elisa

The connotation of a word consists of

If you tend to persist in using the same problem-solving strategy time after time, you are evidencing

Negative reinforcement involves

As Kayla was introduced to the seven members of the committee who would be interviewing her for a scholarship, she silently repeated all the names to herself, in order. Kayla was using

An algorithm is

According to Skinner, children learn a language

Test norms allow you to convert your raw score on a test into _____ score, which indicated the proportion of people who scored below your obtained score.

A child who successfully completes stage 1 of Erikson's stages of psychosocial development will acquire

Suzanne is 10 months old, and her older brother has been playing peek-a-boo with her for the past ten minutes. At first, Suzanne was really excited each time her brother uncovered his face, but now she seems bored and uninterested, and she barely responds when her brother says, "boo." In this example, Suzanne is showing evidence of

Conrad's economic professor tells the class that the next exam will cover Chapters 5 through 7 of their text. The day of the exam, the professor accidentally photocopies the exam from the previous semester, which includes a number of questions from Chapters 8 and 9. In this case, the students might reasonably argue that the exam

Adan has been trying to recall the name of the musical artist who released the song that was #1 when he was 14. Adan feels somewhat frustrated because he is certain he knows the artist's name, but she just can't seem to recall it at this moment. Adan is experiencing something referred to as

Escape conditioning is maintained by

Roland is an architect who can design dream homes based on vague ideas and images that his clients bring to him. According to Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, Roland is likely to score high in which of the following?

Three-year-old Johnny used to say "mikk" when he wanted a drink of mile. Now he is able to say "milk" quite clearly. In this instance, Johnny has made a gain in his use of

Craig is being introduced to the members of the fraternity he has just joined. There are 15 members who he has not met before, and once the introductions are over, he finds he can only remember the names of the first three people and the last two people he was introduced to. He can't recall the names of any other members. The memory difficulty that Craig is experiencing is consistent with

According to Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, someone who is efficient at processing information and who performs well on conventional tests designed to measure reasoning and logical-mathematical abilities, should score high in

In convergent thinking, one attempts to

Francis has applied for admission to a computer science program, and one of the requirements for admission is the completion of a test that measures sequencing skills and abstract reasoning skills. Her score on this test will be a major factor in the decision about whether to admit her to the program. In this case, the test that Francis is scheduled to take would be classified as

A child who uses "wented" as the past tense of the verb "to go"

The fact that the correlation in IQ scores between identical twins reared apart is lower than that between identical twins reared together suggests that

Often new situations and experiences have characteristics in common with situations or events that people have encountered in the past. In these types of situations, people can often respond appropriately by using the process Piaget referred to as

The correlation between a group's scored on an industrial aptitude test and actual performance on the industrial job would describe the test's

The sudden discovery of the correct solution following incorrect attempts based primarily on trial and error is called

Conventional thinking in moral development bases morality (right or wrong) on

Andre is demonstrating a new computer program to his roommate. As he shows his roommate how to open the application and create a file, Andre is largely relying on his

Trust and optimism are to Erikson's trust versus mistrust stage as ______ is to Piaget's sensorimotor period.

Semantics is the component of language concerned with

_______ occurs when new information impairs the retention of previously learned information.

Based on Charles Spearman's view of intelligence, individuals who excel in

Mercedes takes her 1-year-old son, Justice, to visit a day-care center where she plans to enroll him. Justice eagerly explores the playroom as long as Mercedes is present. When his mom leaves the room to fill out some forms, Justice becomes somewhat upset, but when Mercedes returns, he quickly calms down. This is the type of interaction you might observe between a child and a parent who

According to Skinner, a stimulus is a reinforcer if it

The greatest number of deaths in Africa today results from:

Rush hour traffic is to an upset stomach as blank is to blank:

Friedman and Rosenman referred to competitive, hard-driving, impatient, and easily angered individuals as blank personalities:

Research on taste aversion in rats led to the discovery that suppression of the immune system can be influenced by:

The interdisciplinary field that integrates and applies behavioral and medical knowledge to health and disease is:

Friedman and Rosenman referred to relaxed and easy going individuals as blank personalities

Hans Selye referred to the body's response to stress as:

Physical illnesses, such as hypertension and some headaches, that are not caused by an organic disorder but instead seem linked to stress are referred to as blank illnesses:

Because of poverty, unemployment, and overcrowding, residents of urban ghettos are especially likely to experience:

The macrophage and lymphocytes are major agents of the:

Rats that received electric shocks were unlikely to develop ulcers if the:

The growth of new brain cells in mice has been found to be promoted by:

Lewis has suffered from acute stress for years. He is presently learning to relax with a device that provides him with information about changes in tension in his forehead muscles. Lewis' case illustrates the use of:

What is the most noticeable nicotine withdrawal symptom?

Although John has been obese for as long as he can remember, he is determined to lose excess weight with a special low calorie diet. John is likely to have difficulty losing weight while dieting because:

A rewarding consequence of cigarette smoking is that it reduces:

Although Cara has been obese for as long as she can remember, she is determined to lose excess body weight with a low calorie diet. Cara is most likely to have difficulty becoming and staying thin because:

Smokers and nonsmokers have been found to differ in a gene that influences responses to:

During which phase of the general adaptation syndrome are organisms best able to physically cope with stress?

Rats that received electric shocks were unlikely to develop ulcers if the

Acupuncture, aromatherapy, and homeopathy are forms of

While taking a difficult test, Cindy's muscles tense and her heart pounds. These physiological responses are

Feeling liked and encouraged by intimate friends and family has been found to promote

Using emotional, behavioral, or cognitive methods to alleviate stress is known as

Heart disease and depression may both result when chronic stress triggers

Elderly nursing home residents tend to decline faster and die sooner than they would otherwise if they lack

A perceived loss of control is associated with __ epinephrine levels and __ lymphocyte activity.

Genuine illnesses that are caused by stress are called __ illnesses.

Allergic reactions and arthritis are caused by

During meditative relaxation, a part of the __ lobe involved in focused attention is __; active than usual.

By attacking the body's own tissues, an overly reactive immune system is most likely to cause

To study how stress and healthy and unhealthy behaviors influence health and illness, psychologists and physicians created the interdisciplinary field of

People have been found to suffer fewer health problems following the death of their spouse if they

People tend to use emotion-focused coping rather than problem-focused coping when they

Optimists are more likely than pessimists to experience

AIDS is caused by a __ infection spread primarily through __.

The subfield of psychology that provides psychology's contribution to the prevention and treatment of illness is known as

Psychologists defines stress as

Which form of treatment has claimed to correct imbalances of energy flow at identifiable points close to the skin?

T lymphocytes are formed in the

Evidence suggests that __ may foster neurogenesis

The secretion of stress hormones

The natural disappearance of a disease is called

The risk of coronary heart disease is increased by

Prolonged daily hassles such as unemployment and overcrowding are likely to promote

Research has indicated that rats become more vulnerable to ulcers when exposed to __ shock.

Volunteers who participated in an eight-week course of meditation training exhibited increased levels of the __ activity associated with positive emotions.

In the 1920s, Walter Cannon discovered that stress produced an outpouring of __ into the bloodstream.

Whether a health care treatment is mainstream medicine or an alternative medicine depends on whether the treatment has been

Trying to reduce stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor is most characteristic of

A diminished sense of self, space, and time is most likely to be associated with

In a study of Type A heart attak survivors, Friedman and his colleagues found that the most effective technique for preventing recurrent heart attacks was

After being told that his parents have just been involved in a serious automobile accident, Bill is likely to experience an outpouring of

People who laugh a lot have exhibited a lower incidence of

To alleviate the stress of losing her job, Alicia enrolled in a work retraining program that led to full-time employment. Alicia's behavior best illustrates

A stressor is a(n)

Which of the following was NOT mentioned in the text as a potential health benefit of exercise?

Aerobic exercise is an effective way to

Jon, a 50-year-old electrician, opens his pay envelope and, to his surprise, finds a pink slip inside indicating that he has been fired from his job. Which phase of the general adaptation syndrome is Jon most likely experiencing?

Walter Cannon observed that a variety of stressors trigger

Oxytocin is a stress-moderating hormone released by

To alleviate the stress of long work hours, Phara has arranged a more convenient work schedule with her employer. Phara's behavior best illustrates

Although stress does not create cancer cells, it may affect their growth by suppressing the activity of

It has been suggested that a coherent worldview may contribute to the stress protection associated with

The emotional bonding and mutual support that survivors of natural disasters provide to one another best illustrates

A psychologist would most likely use biofeedback to provide clients with information about their

People tend to use emotion-focused coping rather than problem-focused coping when they

Which of the following BEST explains why stress heightens vulnerability to bacterial and viral infections?

Anger is the toxic core of

Research has demonstrated that as a predictor of health and longevity, religious involvement

Physical and emotional responses to threatening and challenging events are referred to as

Religiously active people have __ socially supportive relationships and __ lifestyles than those who are not religiously active.

The three successive phases of the general adaptation syndrome are

One person, alone in a house, dismisses its creaking sounds and experiences no stress; someone else suspects an intruder and becomes alarmed. These different reactions illustrate the importance of

To study how stress and healthy and unhealthy behaviors influence health and illness, psychologists and physicians created the interdisciplinary field of

Research on physical attractiveness indicates that men are more likely than women to:

Norman Triplett observed that adolescents wound a fishing reel faster in the presence of someone working simultaneously on the same task. This best illustrates:

On which of the following tasks would the presence of observers be least likely to lead to better and faster performance?

Katya donated money to a religious charity in order to boost her own feelings of self-esteem. Jennifer failed to contribute to the same charity because she was fearful of running out of money. Differences in their altruistic behavior are best explained in terms of:

The tendency for observers to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal dispositions on another's behavior is called:

Group polarization refers to:

A dispositional attribution is to ________ as a situational attribution is to ________.

Ksana insists that her boyfriend's car accident resulted from his carelessness. Her explanation for the accident provides an example of:

Laura's husband died three years ago, but she is still depressed. Her therapist suggests that she is really angry at her husband for abandoning her. The therapist's interpretation reflects the ________ perspective.

Sheen is usually animated and talkative when he is with his girlfriend, but he is often quiet and reserved at home. He actively participates in many classroom discussions but frequently seems reluctant to talk with friends at the campus coffee shop. According to Walter Mischel, Sheen's behavior should lead us to question the consistency of:

Thaddeus will play a violin solo at his school tomorrow. Which of the following will be true of his musical performance?

When students perceive the arousal that accompanies test-taking as energizing rather than debilitating, they experience much less anxiety. This is best understood in terms of the:

Which term refers to all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating?

Simple thinking strategies that allow us to solve problems and make judgments efficiently are called:

Our schemas often influence the form in which information is retrieved from long-term memory. This fact is most relevant to appreciating the importance of:

A mnemonic device is a:

Automatic processing occurs without:

Without any explicit training from adults, many 8-year-old children know how to turn the ignition key in order to start their parents' cars. This best illustrates the importance of:

After Pavlov had conditioned a dog to salivate to a tone, he repeatedly sounded the tone without presenting the food. As a result, ________ occurred.

The first experimental studies of associative learning were conducted by:

Pat is normally very restless and fidgety, whereas Shelley is usually quiet and easygoing. The two children most clearly differ in:

Low birth weight is a known risk factor for:

Wilma is extremely agitated because she hears voices that tell her to sexually seduce the male nurses in her hospital ward. Wilma is most clearly suffering from:

As a therapist, Dr. Cioffi often uses systematic desensitization. She also considers active listening to be an invaluable therapeutic tool, and she frequently makes use of free association. Dr. Cioffi's therapeutic approach would best be described as:

Dr. Judd is convinced that psychological disorders result largely from stressful social situations rather than from disturbances within the individual personality. Dr. Judd's belief is most consistent with the assumptions that underlie:

Melissa is fearful of men and refuses to go out on dates. Her therapist suggests that she is fearful because she was sexually abused by her father when she was young. The therapist's suggestion most clearly reflects a ________ perspective.

The vicious cycle of depression is often initiated by:

The symptoms of ________ are likely to appear at an earlier age than the symptoms of ________.

Which of the following is a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different studies?

According to the social-cognitive perspective, women are more vulnerable to depression than men because they are more likely to:

Dr. Byrne is a clinical psychologist who often uses operant conditioning techniques to treat her clients. She also encourages them to modify their thought patterns, and on occasion she interprets their transference behaviors. Dr. Byrne's therapeutic approach would best be described as:

An abnormal shrinkage of cerebral tissue is most likely to be associated with:

Brenda has never cheated on a psychology test, but she often does so on chemistry tests. She recently stole some merchandise from a local store, but she also returned a lost billfold along with $28 to its rightful owner. Walter Mischel would have suggested that this pattern of behavior should make psychologists more cautious about emphasizing the consistency of:

Which of the following tests characteristically describes personality in flattering terms?

Compared to gay men, lesbian women are:

Lack of body fluids is to thirst as ________ is to ________.

Myra has such low self-esteem that she typically expects critical comments about her appearance and behavior. Myra's behavior best illustrates the dangers of:

If both depressed and nondepressed individuals receive similar scores on a diagnostic test for depression, it suggests that the test:

People told that a chemical in the air is projected to kill 10 out of every 10,000 people feel more frightened than if told the fatality risk is one-tenth of 1 percent. This best illustrates the importance of:

For a moment after hearing his dog's high-pitched bark, Mr. Silvers has a vivid auditory impression of the dog's yelp. His experience most clearly illustrates ________ memory.

The tendency for distributed study to yield better long-term retention than massed study is known as:

Jeremy wears his baseball cap backward because he noticed his older brother does so. This illustrates the importance of:

Animals most readily learn the specific associations that promote:

An allergy attack triggered by the sight of plastic flowers best illustrates the process of:

Perceptual adaptation refers to the:

Identical twins are most likely to share a similar prenatal environment if they share the same:

Studies of identical twins who had been reared apart most clearly highlight the importance of ________ in personality development.

The slowdown of neural communication in multiple sclerosis involves a degeneration of the:

People with high self-esteem are less likely than those with low self-esteem to:

Individuals with high self-esteem are more likely than those with low self-esteem to:

The humanistic perspective emphasized the importance of:

Humanistic psychologists would most likely be criticized for underestimating the value of:

As personality descriptions become more positive, the Barnum effect becomes stronger. This best illustrates:

Research on self-perception indicates that most people:

Bruce wants to be a loving husband but at the same time wants to express his disgust for some of his wife's habits. According to Freud, Bruce's ________ might enable him to partially satisfy both desires.

An individual who perceives an internal locus of control would most likely show signs of a:

Veena gets poor grades no matter how hard she studies, so she has simply given up studying. Veena's behavior most clearly reflects:

The best indicator of a person's level of optimism is his or her:

Short segments of surgeon-patient conversations were filtered to make the speech unintelligible while preserving its intonation, pitch, and rhythm. Listeners' ability to use this limited information to accurately assess which surgeons had been sued illustrated the potency of the surgeons':

Freud believed that certain troubling symptoms could be traced to painful unconscious memories. This led him to suspect that these symptoms resulted from:

Freud would have suggested that an excessive fixation is most likely to contribute to:

Learned helplessness is most likely to promote:

Although Rolf frequently cheats on classroom tests, he justifies his behavior by erroneously thinking that most other students cheat even more than he does. His mistaken belief best illustrates:

Most late adolescents perceive themselves as less vulnerable than their peers to the AIDS virus. This best illustrates:

Which of the following tests characteristically describes personality in flattering terms?

Sexually active undergraduate women perceive themselves as much less likely to experience an unwanted pregnancy than other women at their university. This best illustrates:

While attending college, Saeb impulsively and carelessly spends all his time and money on "wine, women, and song." Freud would have suggested that Saeb shows signs of a(n):

Who is the best example of a Type A personality?

Rush hour traffic is to an upset stomach as ________ is to ________.

In Wolfgang Köhler's experiment, the chimpanzee Sultan retrieved a long stick with a short stick to retrieve a piece of fruit. Sultan was able to reach the fruit as a result of:

Logical, methodical step-by-step procedures for solving problems are called:

Stockbrokers who market their services with confidence that they can outperform the market average in picking stocks are especially likely to:

In trying to solve a potentially complicated problem quickly, we are most likely to rely on:

A retention of skills and dispositions without conscious recollection is known as ________ memory.

Jamille performs better on foreign language vocabulary tests if she studies the material 15 minutes every day for 8 days than if she crams for 2 hours the night before the test. This illustrates what is known as

Philippe has just completed medical school. In reflecting on his years of formal education, he is able to recall the names of all his instructors except the fifth-grade teacher who flunked him. According to Freud, his forgetting illustrates:

The serial position effect best illustrates the importance of

Jeremy wears his baseball cap backward because he noticed his older brother does so. This illustrates the importance of:

The first experimental studies of associative learning were conducted by:

The introduction of a pleasant stimulus is to ________ as the withdrawal of a pleasant stimulus is to ________.

The acquisition of a sense of object permanence is most closely associated with the development of:

Professor Shankar believes that her students' most important personal characteristics are those that distinguish them as uniquely different from most other people. Her attitude best illustrates one of the consequences of:

If a genetic predisposition to fear darkness contributes to reproductive success, that trait will likely be passed on to subsequent generations. This best illustrates:

A hormone that increases heart rate, blood pressure, and blood sugar levels in times of emergency is:

The emotion of fear is sometimes accompanied by ________ that differ from those that accompany rage.

The macrophage and lymphocytes are major agents of the:

Researchers have found that people experience cartoons as more amusing while holding a pen with their teeth than while holding it with their lips. This finding best serves to support the:

Researchers have found that people experience cartoons as more amusing while holding a pen with their teeth than while holding it with their lips. This best illustrates the:

Those who view their work as a necessary but personally unfulfilling way to make money are said to view work as a:

Bernard is an ambitious, highly competitive corporation lawyer who recently had a heart attack. He tends to be impatient and a perfectionist, and he gets angry over little things. Research suggests that Bernard's susceptibility to heart attacks may be most closely linked to his:

Which of the following best describes task performance?

Hans Selye referred to the body's response to stress as:

An inexperienced pilot prepares for an emergency landing after her single-engine plane loses power. Her emotional arousal is likely to be accompanied by:

According to the Cannon-Bard theory, body arousal is related to the subjective awareness of emotion in the same way as the ________ is related to the ________.

Dr. Ligorano has devoted his professional life to researching the desires and needs that energize and direct behavior. His area of research has obviously been:

In researching taste aversion in rats, Ader and Cohen discovered that saccharin-sweetened water was a conditioned stimulus for:

Rabbits fail to react with fear to a signal of impending shock if they have suffered damage to the part of the brain called the:

Compared to gay men, lesbian women are:

Automatic processing occurs without:

Automatic processing and effortful processing involve two types of:

After learning that kicking would move a crib mobile, infants showed that they recalled this learning best if they were tested in the same crib. This best illustrates the impact of ________ on recall.

Long-term potentiation refers to:

It is easier to train a dog to bark for food than to train it to stand on its hind legs for food. This best illustrates the importance of ________ in learning.

After repeatedly taking alcohol spiked with a nausea-producing drug, people with alcoholism may fail to develop an aversive reaction to alcohol because they blame their nausea on the drug. This illustrates the importance of ________ in classical conditioning.

Some of Pavlov's dogs learned to salivate to the sound of one particular tone and not to other tones. This illustrates the process of:

The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep are called

Alcohol consumption is least likely to make people more:

Patients' negative expectations about the outcome of a surgical procedure can increase their postoperative experience of pain. This best illustrates the importance of:

Identical twins typically begin walking on nearly the same day. This best illustrates the importance of _______ to motor skills.

Unlike today's most widely used intelligence tests, the original Stanford-Binet would be most clearly criticized with respect to its:

Business managers are more likely to track the career achievements of those they once hired than the accomplishments of those they once rejected. This best illustrates:

During the earliest stage of speech development, infants:

The rock musician was hit with a rotten egg while performing his latest hit song. The fact that you can recognize two different meanings for the word "hit" in the preceding sentence demonstrates the importance of:

People with opposing views of capital punishment reviewed mixed evidence regarding its effectiveness as a crime deterrent. As a result, their opposing views differed more strongly than ever. This best illustrates:

Although intuition can at times hinder rationality, it is often valuable because it facilitates:

Because Ken is 6'6", people often mistakenly assume that he must be a member of his college's basketball team. This mistaken judgment best illustrates the impact of:

In order to assess whether intelligence is a single trait or a collection of several distinct abilities, psychologists have made extensive use of:

The indelible memories of the 9/11 terrorist tragedy unduly inflated many people's estimates of the risks associated with air travel. This best illustrates the importance of:

Anika resisted changing her answer to a test question after reminding herself that "it's always best to stick with your first answer." Anika's decision best illustrates the use of:

When her teacher mentioned the arms race, Krista understood that the word "arms" referred to weapons and not to body parts. Krista's correct interpretation best illustrates the importance of:

It is very difficult to get someone to change his or her unrealistically negative self-image. This best illustrates the importance of:

In the process of classifying objects, people are especially likely to make use of:

Andre first became suspicious of his roommate's honesty while trying to account for his own missing wallet. Although Andre later recalled that he had left his wallet in the glove compartment of his own car, his newly formed doubt about his roommate's honesty remained as strong as ever. Andre's irrational suspicion of his roommate best illustrates:

Miss Jan De Jong is orderly, neat, fairly quiet, and shy. She enjoys reading in her spare time and belongs to a social club that includes three librarians, nine real estate agents, and eight social workers. A tendency to conclude that Jan must be one of the three librarians would illustrate the powerful influence of:

English-speaking children learn to put the object of a sentence last, whereas Japanese-speaking children put the object before the verb. Chomsky suggests that this illustrates a difference in the two languages':

A best example of a category of objects, events, or people is called a(n):

A 12-year-old who responded to the original Stanford-Binet with the proficiency typical of an average 9-year-old was said to have an IQ of:

Our capacity for thinking without language is best illustrated by:

Chunking refers to:

After attending group therapy sessions for adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse, Karen mistakenly remembered details from others' traumatic life stories as part of her own life history. This best illustrates the dangers of:

The process of getting information out of memory is called:

When first introduced to someone, Marcel effectively remembers the person's name by repeating it to himself several times. Marcel makes use of a strategy called:

Automatic processing and effortful processing involve two types of:

Without any explicit training from adults, many 8-year-old children know how to turn the ignition key in order to start their parents' cars. This best illustrates the importance of:

The most crucial ingredient in all learning is:

According to B. F. Skinner, human behavior is controlled primarily by:

An animal trainer is teaching a miniature poodle to balance on a ball. Initially, he gives the poodle a treat for approaching the ball, then only for placing its front paws on the ball, and finally only for climbing on the ball. The trainer is using the method of:

A stimulus that acquires reinforcing power by association with a primary reinforcer is called a ________ reinforcer.

Our experience of pain may be intensified when we perceive that others are experiencing pain. This best illustrates the importance of:

The visually perceived distance between ourselves and an object provides an important cue for our perception of the object's:

In order to test whether newborns can visually discriminate between various shapes and colors, psychologists have made use of the process of:

When teased by his older sister, 9-year-old Waldo does not cry because he has learned that boys are not expected to. Waldo's behavior best illustrates the importance of:

The prenatal development of the external male sex organs is stimulated by:

A random error in gene replication is known as a:

An infant's temperament refers most directly to its:

Iconic memory is to echoic memory as ________ is to ________.

Semantic encoding is to visual encoding as ________ is to ________.

The process of getting information into memory is called:

Arnold so easily remembers his old girlfriend's telephone number that he finds it difficult to recall his new girlfriend's number. Arnold's difficulty best illustrates:

Automatic processing occurs without:

Our schemas often influence the form in which information is retrieved from long-term memory. This fact is most relevant to appreciating the importance of:

During her psychology test, Kelsey could not remember the meaning of the term "proactive interference." Surprisingly, however, she accurately remembered that the term appeared on the fourth line of a left-hand page in her textbook. Her memory of this incidental information is best explained in terms of:

When we fall in love, we tend to overestimate how much we liked our partner when we first began dating. This best illustrates the dynamics of:

After learning the combination for his new locker at school, Milton is unable to remember the combination for his year-old bicycle lock. Milton is experiencing the effects of:

One reason adults typically recall little of their first three years of life is that during infancy they were unable to verbally label most of their experiences. This best illustrates that the formation of long-term memories often requires:

The title of a song is on the tip of Gerard's tongue, but he cannot recall it until someone mentions the songwriter's name. Gerard's initial inability to recall the title was most likely caused by:

Professor Maslova has so many memories of former students that she has difficulty remembering the names of new students. The professor's difficulty best illustrates:

Your consciously activated but limited-capacity memory is called ________ memory.

Hearing the word "rabbit" may lead people to spell the spoken word "hair" as "h-a-r-e." This best illustrates the outcome of a process known as:

Philippe has just completed medical school. In reflecting on his years of formal education, he is able to recall the names of all his instructors except the fifth-grade teacher who flunked him. According to Freud, his forgetting illustrates:

The finding that people who sleep after learning a list of nonsense syllables forget less than people who stay awake provides evidence that forgetting may involve:

Long-term potentiation refers to:

Explicit memory is to long-term memory as iconic memory is to ________ memory

Which pioneering researcher made extensive use of nonsense syllables in the study of human memory?

Priming is to retrieval as rehearsal is to:

Tim, a third-grader, learns the sentence "George Eats Old Gray Rats And Paints Houses Yellow" to help him remember the spelling of "geography." Tim is using:

Conscious memory of factual information is called ________ memory.

The self-reference effect best illustrates the value of:

The serial position effect best illustrates the importance of

Compared to formerly depressed people, those who are currently depressed are more likely to recall their parents as rejecting and punitive. This best illustrates:

A dog's salivation at the sight of a food dish is a(n):

According to Piaget's theory, during the concrete operational stage, a child is still unlikely to demonstrate:

Sensation is to ________ as perception is to ________.

An evolutionary psychologist would be likely to suggest that human preferences for sweet-tasting foods:

Carl had an unusually low birth weight because his mother failed to eat sufficient amounts of nutritional foods during his embryonic development. This best illustrates:

American university students are more likely than Japanese university students to describe themselves in terms of their:

Compared to identical twins, fraternal twins are:

A stimulus that acquires reinforcing power by association with a primary reinforcer is called a ________ reinforcer.

The introduction of a pleasant stimulus is to ________ as the withdrawal of a pleasant stimulus is to ________.

Animals most readily learn the specific associations that promote:

A trainer wants to train a chicken to peck a key to obtain food. If she wants the chicken to learn this trick quickly and the behavior to be resistant to extinction, she should use ________ reinforcement until the response is mastered and then follow with a period of ________ reinforcement.

According to B. F. Skinner, human behavior is controlled primarily by:

A patient who had long feared going into elevators was told by his therapist to force himself to go into 20 elevators a day. The therapist most likely wanted to encourage the ________ of the patient's fear.

The ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and similar stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus is called:

B. F. Skinner's work elaborated what E. L. Thorndike had called:

On Monday, Johnny's mother gave him cookies and milk after he had played quietly for 10 minutes. On Tuesday, she required 20 minutes of quiet play before treat time, and on Wednesday, the cookies were given to him only after a full half hour of quiet play. Johnny was taught to play quietly for extended periods through:

Studies of latent learning highlight the importance of:

By directly experiencing a thunderstorm, we learn that a flash of lightning signals an impending crash of thunder. This best illustrates:

The "psychic secretions" that interfered with Pavlov's experiments on digestion were:

After recovering from a serious motorcycle accident, Gina was afraid to ride a motorcycle but not a bicycle. Gina's pattern of fear best illustrates:

According to the opponentprocess theory, cells that are stimulated by exposure to:

If Jared watches a nurse give him an injection, he experiences more pain than if he closes his eyes during the procedure and thinks about his favorite food. This illustrates the value of ________ for pain control.

A stimulating environment is most likely to facilitate the development of a child's:

Elton responds to his daughter's fistfight with, "Good girls don't fight!" but when his son has a fistfight he says, "Did you win?!" The role of Elton's reactions in the gender-typing of his children would be of most direct interest to:

Evolutionary psychologists would be most likely to attribute gender differences in attitudes toward casual sex to the fact that men have ________ than do women.

psychoanalysts would suggest that resistance during therapy supports and maintains the process of:

Mr. Phillips has recently begun to express feelings of hostility and resentment his therapist, who is consistently friendly, caring and helpful. A psychoanalyst would most likely consider Mr. Phillip's hostility to be an example of:

As a psychotherapist, Dr. Buist does not analyze people's motives or diagnose the nature of their difficulties because he believes that they are in the best position to diagnose and solve their own problems. Dr. Buist's position is most characteristic of _____________ therapy

Cindy suggested that her nail biting might be a symptom of unconscious resentment toward her parents. Her therapist chuckled and said, "No, Cindy, your problem isn't unconscious hostility; your problem is nail biting." Cindy's therapist sounds most like a _________ therapist.

To treat nail biting, one can paint a patient's fingernails with a bitter-tasting nail polish. This procedure best illustrates:

Mr. Quinones, a fifth grade teacher, gives a blue plastic star to each student who achieves a high score on a math or spelling test. At the end of the semester, students can exchange their stars for prizes. Mr. Quinones' strategy illustrates an application of:

Jenna is afraid of speaking to a large audience. Her therapist suggests that prior to a speaking engagement she should reassure herself with comments like, "Cheer up, Jenna. You know what you're talking about and your topic is really interesting!" This approach to reducing Jenna's fear most clearly illustrates:

Dr. Jackson reinforces depressed patients for their participation in pleasant activities and trains them to take increasingly more credit for the rewards they gain from engaging in these activities. Dr. Jackson's treatment approach best illustrates:

The text defines social psychology as the scientific study of how people _________ one another.

Caitlin concluded that her husband was late for dinner because he was caught in heavy traffic. Her conclusion best illustrates:

Feelings, often based on our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in particular ways to objects, people, and events are called:

During a recent disaster John witnessed and watched an accident and yet did nothing to provide assistance. He may have rationalized, engaged in denial or transferred his personal responsibility to help in the situation because of what Social Psychologist call the ____________.

Singh's religious beliefs require that men keep their heads covered at all times, but while living in America he is aware that it is traditional for men to bare their heads when the flag passes by them. He feels conflicted, but decides the disapproving looks are not worth it and removes his hat. Singh's behavior is an example of which form of social influence?

Altruism is best described as:

The presence of many bystanders at the scene of an emergency increases the likelihood that any individual bystander will:

Which following statement is MORE LIKELY to be made by a humanistic psychologist?

Fifteen year old Mark is trying to figure out what he should do after he graduates from college. According to Erikson, Mark is in the stage of ________________.

Martha is very creative and she enjoys making new and unusual works in her ceramics class. Which of the following Big Five trait dimensions is most closely related to Martha's level of creativity?

Although Sara was told not to, she ate three cookies before dinner. By choosing to eat the cookies, Sigmund Freud would say, she was following the desires of her _______.

When asked to describe herself, 5-year old Jamie says "My hair is black". Jamie's physical description of herself is part of her____________.

Strategies used by the ego to prevent anxious or threatening thoughts from entering conscious awareness are called____________.

People with unipolar disorders experience ____________; most people with bipolar disorders experience ____________.

Max worries about everything. He worries about his job, his finances and the economy. You name it and he worries about it. Max could be diagnosed as having a(n) _________________.

James is so afraid of snakes that he is unable to leave the house. James is most likely suffering from a(n) ___________.

A person whose behavior is dominated by irrational thinking, poor reality contact, disturbed emotions, delusions, and hallucinations probably has a(n) ___________ disorder.

Psychopharmacology involves treating mental disorders with ___________.

A person who continues to take a drug to avoid withdrawal symptoms such as tremors and chills is exhibiting ________________.

Which of the following is an example of systematic desensitization?

A central goal of psychoanalysis is to ____________.

The form of therapy that emphasizes recognizing and changing negative thought patterns is __________ therapy.

The DSM is a reference manual for ___________.

Ali, a survivor of Hurricane Katrina, continues to have nightmares, flashbacks, and anxiety attacks. Ali is most likely suffering from ___________.

The belief that some distressing physical symptoms made no neurological sense contributed most directly to:

Although Garth wants to interact sexually with his girlfriend with his girlfriend, he also wants to avoid premarital sex. Freud would have suggested that both desires might be partially satisfied by Garth's

Although Eduardo has repressed his own homosexual desires, he is distressed by a false suspicion that many men frequently stare lustfully at his body. According to psychoanalytic theory, Eduardo's thinking best illustrates:

Shortly after receiving a traffic ticket for speeding, Fred made numerous hostile comments to his wife about the incompetence of women drivers. Fred's comments illustrates most clearly the defense mechanism of:

Celine recently had a vivid dream that was strikingly similar to an ancient but unfamiliar religious myth. This coincidence would have been of particular interest to

Morris is hostile, aggressive, and socially destructive. According to Carl Rogers, this behavior pattern results from:

Self-actualized people, as described by Maslow, are least likely to

Repeatedly checking to see if your stove is turned off is to ______________ as repeatedly thinking you might try to set your own house on fire is to _____________.

Niesha demonstrates seven different personalities that appear to take turns controlling her behavior. Evidence that the same life memories are consciously experienced by all the alternate personalities would most clearly rule out the contribution of ______________ to her disorder

Within the last year, Mr. Shangkun has been fired by three different employers because they each discovered that he was stealing money or materials from their companies. Although he feels no remorse for his misdeeds, his outward signs of repentance have dissuaded his former employers from taking him to court. Mr. Shangkun's behavior is most indicative of:

Although Mrs. Petrides usually sits passively in a motionless stupor, she sometimes repetitiously shakes her head or waves her arms. She most likely suffers from:

The concept of personality most clearly embodies the notion of

The belief that some distressing physical symptoms could not be readily explained in terms of neurological impairments contributed most directly to

Free association is central to the process of

In suggesting that the mind is like an iceberg, Freud was most clearly emphasizing the importance of the unconscious by having the entire _____ at that level

Ego is to id as__is to _____

Katrinka habitually makes nasty, hostile comments about her teachers. Freud would have suggested that her behavior illustrates the powerful influence of the

According to Freud's theory, the ego...

For several months after he lost the job he had held for nearly 20 years, Mr. Ullomi frequently lost his temper and suffered periodic crying spells. His behavior is most clearly an example of

Abdul mistakenly believes that his classmates are unusually hostile. In fact, Abdul is the most quarrelsome and aggressive child in the school. According to psychoanalytic theory, Abdul's belief that his classmates are hostile is a

Which neo-Freudian theorist emphasized the influence of the collective unconscious in personality development?

Karen Horney, a prominent neo-Freudian, expanded Freud's assumption about

Tests that present ambiguous stimuli designed to uncover hidden personality dynamics are called _____tests.

The major reason for criticism of the Rorschach test is that

Frida was informed by a professional palm reader, "You generally communicate openly with others, but you have certain dark secrets that even your closest friends could never guess." The fact that Frida was impressed by the palm reader's insight into her personality best illustrates...

The Barnum Effect

Coretta is quiet, pessimistic, anxious, and moody. In terms of the Eysenck's basic personality dimensions she would be classified as

Mr. Dutoit was asked by his psychotherapist to look at some ambiguous pictures and make up a story about each. Mr. Dutoit was most likely taking the

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

Which perspective on human personality emphasizes reciprocal determinism?

reciprocal determinism

The humanistic perspective is to Maslow as the trait perspective is to

According to Bandura, reciprocal determinism involves multidirectional influences among

Learned helplessness is most likely to result from

Learned helplessness is most likely to promote

According to the social-cognitive perspective, one of the vest ways to predict a person's future behavior is to

Athletes often attribute their losses to bad officiating. This best illustrates

According to psychoanalytic theory, the part of the personality that strives for immediate gratification of basic drives is the

The humanistic perspective emphasized the importance of

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator classifies people according to personality types identified by

Being highly imaginative is most closely related to the Big Five trait dimension of

Big Five

Is the MMPI test empirically derived?

The tendency to accept favorable descriptions of one's personality that could really be applied to almost anyone is known as

Which perspective most clearly emphasizes influences of traits and situations on human behavior?

Social-cognitive perspective

Analena's refusal to purchase fattening snacks at the grocery store is both a cause and a consequences of her superior dietary self-control. It may have started because of the environment at the grocery store or her thinking before get got to the store. This best illustrates the importance of

Sasha believes that the questions on college tests are so unrelated to course work that studying is useless. Sasha's belief most clearly illustrates

external locus of control

After experiencing inescapable brutalities as a prisoner in a Nazi concentration camp, Mr. Sternberg became apathetic, stopped eating, and gave up all efforts to physically survive the ordeal. Mr. Sternberg's reaction most clearly illustrates

Martin Seligman advocates a positive psychology, which focuses on topics such as:

Research on self-perception indicates that most people

When Professor McKay nervously began teaching a university class for the first time, he overestimated the extent to which his students would notice that he was anxious. His reaction best illustrates

Mira claims that alcohol dependence is a disease that, like pneumonia or meningitis, can be cured or prevented with proper treatment. Her belief is most clearly consistent with

Using DSM-IV-TR guidelines, two different clinicians are likely to give a specific patient the same diagnosis, This indicates that the DSM-IV-TR si

Anxiety is considered disordered if it is:

Rishi, a college student, complains that he feels apprehensive and fearful most of the time but doesn't know why. Without warning, his heart begins to pound, his hands get icy, and he breaks out in a cold sweat. Rishi most likely suffers from a(n)

While he was studying, Matthew was suddenly overwhelmed by feelings of intense apprehension. For several minutes he felt so agitated that eh could not catch his breath. Matthew was most likely suffering from a(n)

Mrs. Swift is alarmed by her own intrusive and irrational thoughts that her house is contaminated by germs. Her experience best illustrates the agitating effects of

A therapist suggests that Mr. Broshi continues to bite his fingernails because this behavior often reduced his feelings of anxiety in the past. The therapist's suggestion most clearly reflects a ___________ perspective.

Fear-learning experiences can traumatize the brain by creating fear circuits within the

Hypochondriasis is characterized by

Two or more distinct identities appear to alternately control the behavior of those with:

Several weeks after being fired from a job he has held for more than 20 years, Landon awoke one morning in a state of bewildered confusion. He had little sense of who he was and even failed to recongnize his wife. Landon's experience is most indicate of

Is bipolar disorder classified as a mood disorder?

Because it is so pervasive, _______is often considered "the common cold" of psychological disorders

Which perspective suggests that depression is a reaction to loss and the internalization of unresolved anger toward parents?

Psychoanalysis

Abnormally low levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin are associated with

Jabar, a 25-year-old auto mechanic, thinks he is Napoleon. He further believes he is being imprisoned against his will in the mental hospital where his relatives have brought him for treatment. Jabar is most likely suffering from

The distinctive features used to identify the three clusters of personality disorders are

An antisocial personality disorder is most likely to be characterized by

Carl Jung referred to a shared reservoir of memory trace from out species history as the

The symptoms of ______ are likely to appear at an earlier age than the symptoms of ______.

Schizophrenia is a disorder that is MOST likely to be treated with

Mr. Choi's therapist wants to help him become aware of his conflicting childhood feelings of love and hate for his parents. The therapist's goal best reflects a primary aim of

Carl Rogers is known for the development of

client-centered therapy/ person-centered therapy

Counterconditioning techniques were derived from principles first developed by

In 1924, Mary Cover Jones reported that 3-year-old Peter lost his fear of rabbits when one was repeatedly presented while he was eating a tasty snack. This episode best illustrated the potential usefulness of

Systematic desensitization involves

In which operant conditioning procedure are positive reinforcers given for desired behaviors?

Token economy

The belief that no person is an island is the fundamental assumption of a

family therapy

Meta-analysis refers to

Light exposure therapy was developed to relieve symptoms of

Selective-serotonin-reuptake-inhibitors are prescrive to

Electroconvulsive therapy has proven to be effective in the treatment of

Because Gretchen is afraid of contracting infectious diseases, she compulsively avoids shaking people's hands or touching doorknobs. Research suggests than an especially effective treatment for her difficulty would involve

cognitive-behavior therapy

Melanie's therapist suggests that when she feels anxious, Melanie should attribute her arousal to her highly reactive nervous system and shift her attention to playing a game with her preschool child. This suggestion best illustrates

In programs to treat alcoholism, clients consume alcohol that contains a nausea-producing drug. The therapist is using a technique known as

Dr. Byrne is a clinical psychologist who often uses operant conditioning techniques to treat her clients. She also encourages them to modify their thought patterns, and on occasion she interprets their transference behaviors. Dr. Byrne's therapeutic approach would best be described as

Psychiatrists ad psychologists label behavior as disordered when it is

ongoing patterns of behavior that interfere with normal day-to-day life are best characterized as

the conception of psychological disorders as biologically based sicknesses is known as the

to call psychological disorders "sicknesses" is especially likely to encourage research supporting

A psychotherapist is most likely to use the DSM-IV-TR in order to various psychological disorders

In a study by David Rosenhan (1973), researchers wre admitted as patients into various mental hospitals after they falsely claimed to be "hearing voiced." This study best illustrated the negative effects of

When children are told that certain classmates are leaning disabled, they may behave in ways that inhibit the success of these students in the classroom. This bess illustrates the danger of

Episodes of intense dread that last for several minutes and are accompanied by shortness of breath, trembling, dizziness, or heart palpitations are most characteristic of

A generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by

Frued suggested that for those suffering a generalixed anxiety disorder, the anxiety is

In which disorders is a person continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic arousal

Panic attacks are most closely associated with

Phobias are most likely to be characterized by

Anxiety about being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult is indicative of

An anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts and actions is called

Compulsions are best described as

Obsessions ar

Ashley L. is so afraid of spiders that she avoids most outdoor activities and refuses to go to the basement of her house alone. Ashley appears to suffer from a(n)

A person who has agoraphobia is most likely to

Repeated distressing dreams and intrusive memories of an intensely fearful and life-threatening experience are symptoms most commonly associated with

Learning theorists have suggested that compulsive behaviors are

Experiencing physical symptoms, such as blindness or paralysis, that make no physiological sense is indicative of

Hypochondriasis is characterized by

Dissociative disorders are most likely to be characterized by

College students were asked to pretend that they were accused murderers. Under hypnosis, they typically expressed a second personality when promoted to do so by the examining psychiatrist. This most strongly suggests that dissociative identity disorder may involve

The major characteristic of dissociative disorders is disturbance of

What disorders are classified as a mood disorders

The number on reason people seek mental health services is

Feeling of worthlessness are most likely to be associated with

Because it is so pervasive, ________ is often consider "the common cold" of psychological disorders

A major depressive disorder is most likely to be characterized by

Mania is most likely to be associated with

Bipolar disorder is most likely to be characterized by

Internal, stable and global explanations of one's own failures are indicative of

The vicious cycle of depression is often initiated by

False beliefs of persecution that may accompany schizophrenia are called

Schizophrenia is most likely to be characterized by

Although Mrs. Petrides usually sits passively in a motionless stupor, she sometimes repetitiously shakes her head or waves her arms. she most likely suffers from

One of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia is

Those with narcissistic personality disorder are likely to be preoccupied with

An antisocial personality disorder is most likely to be characterized by

Definition of Personality

Psychoanalysis Freud

Id

Oedipus Complex, Electra Complex

Psychosexual stages (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital)

Free association

Defense mechanisms

Carl Jung*

Myers-Briggs Type indicator

MMPI

MMPI-2

TAT

Rorschach Inkblot test given

Neo-Freudians

Karen Horney

Factor analysis

Big Five trait dimensions

Carl Rogers

Actual self & ideal self,

Alfred Adler

Self serving bias

Culture and self descriptions

Humanistic Psychologists

Trait theory

PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS********* (Know this area very well)

Genetic factors for the disorders

Various Theories regarding the causes of the disorders

Symptoms of the disorders

Treatments for the disorders

Biological factors (i.e. neurotransmitters off-line, etc)

DSM-IV What does it actually evaluate? Criticisms of it??

Reciprocal determinism

Medical model & view of psychological disorders

Self-fulfilling prophecies

Mental Health Workers are likely to label a behavior as disordered if_________?

Obsessions

Learning perspective

Biological perspective

Psychoanalytic perspective

Humanistic perspective

Trait perspective

Social-cultural perspective

Suicidal Ideation and Alcohol

Suicide rates and ethnicity

Gender & depression

Sensing a lack of control & depression

Dissociation

Dissociative Identity Disorder & role playing

frontal lobes and murderers

Transference

Cognitive-behavioral therapy

Systematic Desensitization

Client-centered therapy

Family therapy

Eclectic therapists

Humanistic therapy

Behavioral therapy

Aversive conditioning

A Token economy

Psychiatrists

Which psychotropic medications can produce symptoms similar to Parkinson's Disease?

Regression toward the mean

Smith et al. Study (1980) -results of the meta-analysis on the effectiveness of therapy.

Valium

Who is most likely to profit from therapy??

Antipsychotic drugs

Prozac

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

Prolonged stress

General Adaptation Syndrome --What is it? What are the three phases??

Cortisol

Definition of stress

Stress appraisal

Epinephrine, Norepinephrine & cortisol do what to artery walls??

Chronic anger & impact on bodily systems

Chronic depression & impact on bodily systems

Lupus

AIDS

Aerobic exercise & Depression

Aerobic exercise & Hypertension

smoking why people start

Smoking

Reward consequence of smoking

Caloric intake & exercise

Do diets work

Dieting

ego

super ego

varenicline

pseudoparkinsonism

Psychologists

Multiple Sclerosis (M.S.)

ADHD

Panic disorder

phobia

OCD

PTSD

Post traumatic growth

somatoform disorder

conversion disorder

hypochondriasis

dissociative disorders

dissociative identity disorder

mood disorder

major depressive disorder

mania

bipolar disorder

schizophrenia

delusions

personality disorder

antisocial personality disorder

eclectic approach

psychotherapy

psychoanalysis

resistance

interpretation

psychodynamic therapy

insight therapies

client centered therapy

active listening

unconditional positive regard

behavior therapy

counterconditioning

exposure therapies

systematic desensitization

virtual reality exposure therapy

aversive conditioning

token economy

cognitive therapy

cognitive behavior therapy

family therapy

Murder mind and frontal lobes

Biopsychosocial roots of crime

Research has indicated that rats become more vulnerable to ulcers when exposed to ________ shock.

Primates at the top of the social pecking order are less likely to contract coldlike viral infections than those with lower social status. This best illustrates the value of:

In convincing people that they can accurately assess their personalities, astrologers, palm readers, and graphologists take advantage of:

Research on self-perception indicates that most people:

The trait of optimism is most closely related to a strong sense of:

While driving to work, Pedro hears a radio advertisement for a new restaurant. Throughout the day, the tune associated with the advertisement keeps running through his head. Pedro's inability to stop thinking about the tune best illustrates the nature of a(n):

As a psychologist employed by a medical school, Dr. McNerney specializes in research on the causes of stress and on the effectiveness of various techniques for coping with stress. Dr. McNerney is most likely a(n) ________ psychologist.

Although Garth wants to interact sexually with his girlfriend, he also wants to avoid premarital sex. Freud would have suggested that both desires might be partially satisfied by Garth's:

Analena's refusal to purchase fattening snacks at the grocery store is both a cause and a consequence of her superior dietary self-control. This best illustrates the importance of:

Although World War II air raids were extremely traumatic for those who experienced them, few of these people developed lasting phobic reactions to overhead planes. This fact is best explained from a(n) ________ perspective.

The conception of psychological disorders as biologically based sicknesses is known as the:

Aversive conditioning involves:

Three benefits attributed to all psychotherapies are:

Prozac, Zoloft, and Paxil are called:

Freud's techniques and assumptions are most evident in today's:

perceived control

dream analysis

transference

Oral stage

anal stage

phallic stage

latency stage

genital stage

. During her weekly therapy sessions, Sabrina will often abruptly shift the focus of her attention and lose her train of thought. A psychoanalyst would suggest that this illustrates

Who emphasized the importance of transference in the therapeutic process?

Client-centered therapists emphasize the importance of

To help Adam reduce his fear of dogs, a therapist encourages him to physically relax and then simply imagine that he is walking toward a friendly and harmless little dog. The therapist's technique best illustrates

To help Janet overcome her nearly irresistible craving for chocolate, a therapist provides her with a supply of chocolate candies that contain solidified droplets of a harmless but very bitter-tasting substance. This approach to treatment best illustrates

The goal of stress inoculation training is to reduce incapacitating anxiety by encouraging people to say positive things to themselves during anxiety-producing situations. This best illustrates a form of

Many physicians did not realize that bleeding was an ineffective treatment for typhoid fever until researchers made effective use of

Which of the following factors is NOT a therapeutically effective component of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing?

The most effective psychotherapists are those who

Which of the following drugs is most likely to provide schizophrenia patients with some relief from their auditory hallucinations and paranoia?

Which of the following is a selective-serotonin-reuptake-inhibitor?

Patients receive a general anesthetic and muscle relaxant prior to treatment with

If a patient suffers uncontrollable seizures, physicians can destroy specific nerve clusters that cause or transmit the convulsions. This best illustrates a procedure known as

Considering the greatest range of factors that may contribute to the process of healing is most clearly facilitated by a ________ approach to therapy.

Identifying and eliminating the socially stressful conditions that contribute to psychological disorders is of most central interest to the advocat

At one time, disordered people were simply warehoused in asylums. These were replaced with psychiatric hospitals in which attempts were made to diagnose and cure those with psychological disorders. This best illustrates one of the beneficial consequences of

A current authoritative scheme for classifying psychological disorders is known as the

Lenore is unexplainably and continually tense and is plagued by muscle tension, sleeplessness, and an inability to concentrate. Lenore most likely suffers from

Years after he barely survived a terrorist attack that killed his wife and two children, Mr. Puskari suffers recurring flashbacks and frequent nightmares of the event that render him incapable of holding a steady job. Mr. Puskari is most clearly showing signs of

5. Andrea experiences extreme anxiety when approaching any lake. Her therapist suggests that her fear results from a traumatic boat accident she experienced as a child. The therapist's suggestion reflects a ________ perspective.

Jeremy often misinterprets normal bodily sensations such as hunger pangs as symptoms of serious illnesses such as stomach cancer. His experience is most indicative of

A sudden loss of memory is a symptom of

Elaine feels that her life is empty, has lost all interest in her career and hobbies, and wonders if she would be better off dead. She is most likely suffering from

An overabundance of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine is most likely to be associated with

Mr. James believes that people are constantly laughing at him and that FBI agents are trying to steal his life savings. Mr. James is most clearly suffering from

Q1411 Which of the following best illustrates a negative symptom of schizophrenia

Therapeutic drugs that block dopamine receptors are most likely to reduce

The relationship between the season of the year in which people are born and their subsequent risk of schizophrenia best highlights the role of ________ in this disorder.

Kyle is extremely manipulative and can look anyone in the eye and lie convincingly. His deceit often endangers the safety and well-being of those around him, but he is indifferent to any suffering they might experience as a result of his actions. His behavior best illustrates

that 5 to 12 per cent of men and 10 to 20 per cent of women in the U.S

low levels of mono-amines in the brain could cause depression.

Bonnie- angry at boss, takes it out on kids

maslow- people are motived to achieve self actualization ____ concerned with personal safety and____________ achieving self esteem

Rogers

Ecomorph is to endo morph as

Lie scale on test that those may try to cheat on for personality is

most college students think they are less likely to drop out or become alcoholics

dysthmic

fear of water swim in pool 3 x week

scientific knowledge

clinical knowledge

scientific method

Professor Dockery

Chidren who memory of parent murder

acquisition

aversive conditioning

avoidance learning

behavior modification

behavioral contract

behaviorism

chaining

classical conditioning

cognitive map

conditioned response

conditioned stimulus

conditioning

continuous reinforcement

cumulative recorder

discriminative stimuli

elicit

emit

escape learning

evaluative conditioning

extinction

fixed-interval schedule

fixed-ratio schedule

habituation

higher-order conditioning

intermittent reinforcement

latent learning

learned helplessness

learning

negative punishment

negative reinforcement

observational learning

Skinner box

operant conditioning

phobias

positive punishment

positive reinforcement

preparedness

primary reinforcers

punishment

reinforcement

reinforcement contingencies

renewal effect

resistance to extinction

schedule of reinforcement

secondary reinforcers

shaping

spontaneous recovery

stimulus discrimination

stimulus generalization

Thorndike's law

trial

unconditioned response

unconditioned stimulus

variable-interval schedule

variable-ratio schedule

Clinical Psychologists

Psychiatrists

Insight Therapies

Psychoanalysis

Free Association

Dream Analysis

Interpretation

Resistance

Transference

Client-centered Therapy

Cognitive Therapy

Group Therapy

Behavior Therapies

Systematic Desensitization

Aversion Therapy

Spontaneous Remission

Social Skills Training

Biomedical Therapies

Psychopharmacotherapy

Antianxiety Drugs

Antipsychotic Drugs

Tardive Dyskinesia

Antidepressant Drugs

Mood Stabilizers

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

Mental Hospitals

Eclecticism

Deinstitutionalization

Placebo Effects

Regression Toward the Mean

Counseling Psychologists

Cognitive-Behavioral Treatments

Sigmund Freud

Carl Rogers

Aaron Beck

Joseph Wolpe

Dorthea Dix

Insight

Behavior

Insight Therapy

Providing a supportive climate for clients

Resolve unconscious conflicts

The recovery of unconscious conflicts, motives, and defenses

Biomedical Therapy

All the diverse approaches

Interpretation

People with less education; people with more education

Behavior Therapy

Inconsistency between one's self-concept and reality

Emotion Therapies

Psychiatrists typically devote less of their time to relatively serious disorders than clinical psychologists

Transference

Free Association

Unconditional Positive Regard

Resistance

Biomedical

Psychoanalysis

Antianxiety Drugs

Antipsychotic Drugs

Thorazine

Antidepressants