The chief god of the early Aryans was
Indra.
After the Aryans and Dravidians mixed and intermingled,
Indra receded into the background.
Archaeologists in India have discovered that between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.,
cultivators built a neolithic society west of the Indus River
The earliest known urban society in India was the
Harappan.
Much of early Harappan history remains a mystery because
the archaeological remains are under water.
If the Greek historian Herodotus had known of the Harappan society, he might have used the phrase "the gift of the ________" to describe it.
Indus
Chickens were first domesticated in
India.
Mohenjo-daro was
one of the two main cities of the Harappan society.
Based on archaeological evidence from early Indian history, historians believe that
Harappa and Mohenjo-daro served as economic and political centers.
At its height, the population of Mohenjo-daro reached
40,000.
Evidence relating to trade indicates that Harappan India
traded with the Mesopotamians
Which statement about Harappan society is FALSE?
Their writings have provided a wealth of information for historians.
Harappan religion
reflected a strong concern for fertility.
Some scholars believe that, after the collapse of the Harappan society, Harappan deities
survived and found a place in the Hindu pantheon.
One of the biggest reasons for the decline of the Harappan society was likely
ecological degradation
The Indo-Europeans who entered India called themselves Aryans, which means
"noble people."
The Aryans were
Indo-Europeans.
The Aryans came into India
in a centuries-long migration.
Which of the following statements about the Aryans is NOT true?
They brought the first written language to India
The biggest military advantage of the Indo-Europeans was
their horses.
Most of our information about the early Aryans comes from the
Vedas
The Aryans referred to social classes by the term
varnas.
Which of the following social classes in the caste system is associated with warriors and aristocrats?
kshatriyas
The task of butchering animals or handling dead bodies usually fell to the
untouchables.
Which of the following answers reflects the early varna hierarchy from highest to lowest?
brahmins, kshatriyas, vaishyas, shudras
A jati is
a subcaste.
The first century B.C.E. work that dealt with moral behavior and social relationships was the
Lawbook of Manu.
When a Hindu widow voluntarily threw herself on her dead husband's funeral pyre it was known as
sati
Vedic society was
strongly patriarchal.
What Aryan god was associated with war and rain?
Indra
The Aryans believed that Varuna
oversaw the behavior of mortals and preserved the cosmic order
The most important aspect of the Aryan religion during the early Vedic times was
the proper performance of ritual sacrifices.
The hallucinogenic concoction drunk by Aryans during ritual sacrifices was known as
soma.
The "World of the Fathers"
was the Aryan heaven
The Upanishads were
commentaries and reflections on the Vedas.
In Hinduism the highest goal of the individual soul was to
escape the cycle of birth and rebirth and enter into permanent union with Brahman.
This passage from the Upanishads explains what Hindu concept? "Now as a man is like this or like that, according as he acts and according as he behaves, so will he be- a man of good acts will become good, a man of bad acts, bad."
karma
The two principal means to achieve the goal of moksha are
asceticism and meditation.
Dasas is the Aryan term for the Dravidians.
True
Severing all ties with the physical world and identifying oneself with the ultimate reality of the world spirit is moksha.
True
Indra was the Aryan god who preserved the cosmic order.
False
Aryans used the term varnas to refer to the major social classes.
True
Varuna was the chief god of the Aryans, associated with rain and war
False
The priests were called brahmins.
True
The Rig Veda is a collection of hymns that provides the best information about the Aryans.
True
Moksha is the transmigration of the soul
False
The Upanishads are reflections and commentaries on the Vedas.
True
The sum of good and evil in a life is known as karma.
True
