The chief god of the early Aryans was
Indra
After the Aryans and Dravidians mixed and intermingled,
tensions between them resided and Indra resided into the background.
Archaeologists in India have discovered that between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.,
cultivators built a neolithic society west of the Indus river.
The earliest known urban society in India was the
Harappan.
Much of the early Harappan history remains a mystery because
the remains are underwater and there is a lack of deciphered written records.
If the Greek historian Herodotus had known of the Harappan society, he might have used the phrase "the gift of the ___________" to describe it.
Indus
Chickens were first domesticated in
the Indus Valley.
Mohenjo-daro was
a powerful and wealthy Harappan city in the Indus Valley.
Based on archaeological evidence from early Indian history, historians believe that
the Harappan cities were economic and political centers.
At its height, the population of Mohenjo-daro reached
forty thousand.
Evidence relating to trade indicates that Harappan India
traded with Mesopotamians.
Describe the Harappan society
Wealthy society that birthed two major cities: Mohenjo- daro and Harappa.
Harappan religion
reflected a strong concern for fertility.
Some scholars believe that, after the collapse of the Harappan society, Harappan deities
survived the collapse of the larger society and found places later in the Hindu Pantheon.
One of the biggest reasons for the decline of the Harappan society was likely
ecological degradation.
The Indo- Europeans who entered India called themselves Aryans, which means
"noble people."
The Aryans were
nomadic and pastoral peoples speaking Indo- European languages
The Aryans came into India
during 1500 B.C.E. through the Hindu Kush mountains.
Which of the following statements about the Aryans is NOT true?
They brought the first written language to India.
The biggest military advantage of the Indo- Europeans was
their horses.
Most of our information about the early Aryans comes from the
Vedas.
The Aryans referred to social classes by the term
Varna.
Which of the following social classes in the caste system is associated with warriors and aristocrats?
Kshatriyas
The task of butchering animals or handling dead bodies usually fell to the
untouchables.
Which of the following answers reflects the early varna hierarchy from highest to lowest?
Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras
A ???? is
a subcaste.
The first century B.C.E. work that dealt with moral behavior and social relationships was the
"Lawbook of Manu."
When a Hindu window voluntarily threw herself on her dead husband's funeral pyre it was known as
sati.
Vedic society was
strongly patriarchal.
What Aryan god was associated with war and rain?
Indra.
The Aryans believed that Varuna
presided over the sky and oversaw the behavior of mortals and preserved the cosmic order.
The most important aspect of the Aryan religion during the early Vedic times was
the proper performance of ritual sacrifices.
The hallucinogenic concoction drunk by the Aryans during ritual sacrifices was known as
soma.
The "World of Fathers"
was the Aryan heaven.
The Upanishads were
a body of works which began to appear in the late Vedic Age about 800 to 400 B.C.E.
In Hinduism the highest goal of the individual soul was to
escape the cycle of birth and rebirth and enter into permanent union with Brahman.
This passage from the Upanishads explains what Hindu concept? "Now as a man is like this or like that, according as he acts and according as he behaves, so will he be: a man of good acts will become good, a man of bad acts, bad."
Karma.
The two principal means to achieve the goal of ?????? are
asceticism and meditation.