Chapter 3 Test-China

A Chinese General. This is important because he was Huangdi's adviser and thought Legalism was a good idea.

The dynasty after the Zhou Dynasty and before the Han Dynasty. Only lasted 14 years. This is important because Huangdi was the founder and they used Legalism.

called on all members of the family to subordinate their needs and desires to the patriarchal head of the family. Created a hierarchal system in which every family member had his or her place, with five relationships

All Chinese learned these, key to proper social order. The son was subordinate to the father, the wife to her husband, the younger brother to the older brother, and all were subject to the king. The final was a proper one between friend and a friend

The practice of organizing several families units into larger groups of five and ten families that would exercise mutual control and surveillance. This is important because this practice started in the Qin Dynasty

a type of writing including symbols. Pictographic represented something similar to a picture and Ideographic was more idea based. Main part of Chinese language. Oracle bones had pictographic messages on it

leadership, especially of one nation over another. Hegemony the consistent dominance of one state or ideology over others. Leadership of a nation. This is important because after the fall of Qin Dynasty many people were fighting for hegemony of China. Having influence or ideology over others

Regional rulers formed independent armies reduc¬ing emperors to little more than figureheads. Between 402 -201 B.C.E. (Era of the Warring States) the Zhou system disintegrated

Created the Qin Dynasty. This is important because he got the idea to build The Great Wall of China in order to protect the country from Xiongnu.

Castrated members of the Chinese royal court. They were often chosen for these positions because they couldn't have families and rebel. Men who have undergone castration to gain a high political status next to the emperor. They are castrated because this prevents them from creating a family that could later challenge the empero

The Han dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China, preceded by the Qin dynasty (221-207 BC) and succeeded by the Three Kingdoms (220-280 AD). Han Dynasty The dynasty that ended due to their unequal distribution of land that led to many rebellions. The dynasty that relied on centralized administration, Legalistic policies, and Confucian education for their bureaucrats. The dynasty that succeeded the Qin dynasty and was the longest lasting dynasty in Chinese History

Wang Mang interrupted Han rule for around 15 years to rule China; tried helping the poor by establishing granaries and land reform. Emperor Wang Mang, a firm believer of Confucianism, thinking on how to get his plans out there to start a golden age of China

The greatest Emporer of the Han dynasty. Strengthened centralized rule in China.

Dynasty after the Zhou Dynasty. Lasted only 14 years. This is important because Huangdi was the one who created this dynasty.

First Han Emporer. This is important because he replaced Legalism with Confucianism.

neighboring countries providing local specialities like tropical products and precious stones in return for Chinese silks, glazed pottery, and various manufactured products

An independent political and social philosopher. This is important because Legalism rejected Confucius's values.

rejected Confucian virtues in favor of authoritarian state that ruled by force. Human were by nature evil and required restraint/discipline

Alternative to Confucius's beliefs. Belief that nature contains divine impulse that directs all life

A god who presided over all the forces of nature. This is important because the Shang Dynasty began to believe in this one god.

This is important bc Confucius believed it was useless to speculate too much about metaphysical questions. Of or relating to things that are thought to exist but cannot be seen

the dynasty after the Shang dynasty. Longest dynasty in Chinese history. Use of iron was introduced and writing evolved into a more modern form

one of the oldest surging documents on statecraft; talks about the Mandate of Heaven

a political theory of ancient China in which those in power were given the right to rule from a divine source. The idea that the Zhou King ruled as a representative of Heaven. According to this concept heaven maintained order in the universe through the Zhou King. This is important because the Zhou dynasty ruled china because it possessed this

universe was divided into two primary forces of good and evil represented symbolically by the sun (yang) and the moon (yin

book that talks about how everything us made of yin and yang. One of the famous manuals used to interpret the will of nature. Divination

peasant families farmed outer plots for themselves and inner plots for their landlords. Important bc introduced in the Zhou dynasty.

Philosopher and ancient poet in china. Important because he was the "father" of Daoism

the great classic of philosophical Daoism; written during the era of Confucius and is an enigmatic book whose interpretation has baffles scholars for centuries

Heaven, an abstract conception in early Chinese religion. Possibly the combined spirits of all male ancestors; first appeared during the Zhou Dynasty

Development of three schools of thought- Confucianism, legalism, Daoism. A wide ranging debate over the nature of human beings, society, and the universe

The key to proper behavior was to act in accordance with your own Dao. Confucius thought all human beings had their own Dao. Like dharma

of or pertaining to government by an aristocracy. government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility. China under Shang dynasty was predominantly agricultural society ruled by an aristocratic class whose major occupation was war

used to communicate with the Gods. In Chinese civilization, animal bones that were heated and the cracks then interpreted as prophecies. The prophecies were written on the bone and provide our earliest written sources for ancient China. Significance: inscribed on shells or animal bones; used for predicting the future in royal courts of the shang dynasty rulers; they are the direct ancestors of modern Chinese characters. The inscriptions on these are the earliest known form of Chinese writing

Techniques for ascertaining the future or the will of the gods by interpreting natural phenomena such as, in early China, the cracks on oracle bones or, in ancient Greece, the flight of birds through sectors of the sky

The 2nd Chinese dynasty. They were a farming society ruled by aristocracy mostly concerned on war about 1750- 1122 BCE Significance: best remembered by their art of bronze casting & being the 1st historical Chinese empire; used oracle bones to predict the future

Legendary Chinese dynasty that was not believed to exist untill recently; had walled towns ruled by area-specific kings around 2200- 1766 BCE Significance:assembled armies, built cities, & worked bronze; created pictograms which became the 1st Chinese script; organized flood control projects

extended family groups that generally lived together. Villages were organized by clans rather than by nuclear family units. All residents probably took the common clan name of the entire village. Some villages may have included more than one clan

system of managing government through departments run by appointed officials (not elected). This is important because the Shang King ruled with the assistance of a central bureacracy in the capital city

(commonly known in the west as "ancestor worship") burning replicas of physical objects to accompany the departed on their journey to the next world

Made the needs and desires of the patriarchal head of the family the main concern of the entire family

Iron and bronze

Huge expenditures that were devoted to afterlife preparation for the monarch

Its characters were ideographic and pictographic

It's unifying role within the society Correction two years later: its not it's*!!

Brother subordinate to sister

Children were required to provide labor for agriculture

carried out public book burnings

Resentment created by Qin Shi Huangdi's policies created internal weaknesses that undermined the dynasty's survival after his death

Liu Bang

Very rapid population growth, accompanied by increasingly concentrated land control, greatly weakened the status and living standards of peasants

Under the Qin Dynasty

He sought to relieve the extensive suffering of the Chinese peasant farmers

The Way

Introduced by the Zhou dynasty and it serves to justify its power

Allowed peasants plots of their own to work, as well as working the lands of their lords

Established government monopolies in iron and salt and developed a uniform taxation system

Sun as yang moon as yin

Nature of the real aspects of daily living

Legalism

Yellow and Yangtze Rivers

Xia Dynasty

Equipped its army with two horse chariots

Clans

Often served as government officials

The art of bronze casting