Chapter 21 Summary

Also known as the Battle of Manasseh. Union forces seemed to have the Confederates beat until a last push by the Confederate troops. Union forces were then forced to retreat back to Washington. Confederates did not pursue. Many people brought picnics to the battlefield and watched the action.

This proved that the war was not going to be a short one.

Botched Union attempt to capture the capital Richmond by circumventing the Confederate army by sea.

Abandoned Union warship salvaged by the Confederacy. Enforced with iron plates to become an ironclad ship.

Renamed "Virginia".

A tiny Union ironclad ship that fought the Merrimack to a standstill but was destroyed to keep it from the grasp of advancing Union troops.

A Civil War battle in which the Confederate army forced most of the Union army out of Virginia.

Civil War battle in which the North suceedeed in halting Lee's Confederate forces in Maryland. Was the bloodiest battle of the war resulting in 25,000 casualties.

The constitutional amendment ratified after the Civil War that forbade slavery and involuntary servitude.

Civil war battle in 1862 in Virginia won by the confederacy. Union General Burnside led the union troops to defeat.

Took place in 1863, turning point of the War that made it clear the North would win. 50,000 people died, and the South lost its chance to invade the North.

A 3-minute address by Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War (November 19, 1963) at the dedication of a national cemetery on the site of the Battle of Gettysburg.

Key victory for Union General Ulysses S. Grant, it secured the North's hold on Kentucky and paved the way for Grant's attacks deeper into Tennessee.

Confederate forces surprised union troops & drove them across the Tennessee river; union got backup and won the battle but it was one of the most bloody battles in the civil war.

An 1863 Union victory in the Civil War that enabled the Union to control the entire Mississippi River.

After the burning of Atlanta Georgia on Nov 15 1864, General Sherman marched 300 miles to Savannah and arrived there December 22nd 1864 with the 1st Alabama cavalry regiment.

Formed in 1861, ran by "radical" Republicans who represented the expansion of presidential power in wartime and who pressed Lincoln zealously on emancipation.

A group of northern Democrats who opposed abolition and sympathized with the South during the Civil War.

Edward Everett Hale's story of treason and banishment, inspired by the wartime banishing of Copperhead Clement Vallandigham.

A coalition party of pro-war Democrats and Republicans formed during the 1864 election to defeat anti-war Northern Democrats.

A series of brutal clashes between Ulysses S.

Grant's and Robert E. Lee's armies in Virginia, leading up to Grant's capture of Richmond in April of 1865. Having lost Richmond, Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse.

A town in Virginia where Lee surrendered what was left of his forces.

Nine days later, near Durham, North Carolina, Johnston surrendered to Sherman.

Granted suffrage to all male British citizens, dramatically expanding the electorate. The success of the American democratic experiment, reinforced by the Union victory in the Civil War, was used as one of the arguments in favor of the Bill.

General Robert E. Lee's chief lieutenant for much of the war. A gifted tactical theorist and a master of speed and deception.

A general for northern command of the Army of the Potomac in 1861; nicknamed "Tardy George" because of his failure to move troops to Richmond; lost battle vs. General Lee near the Chesapeake Bay; Lincoln fired him twice.

American soldier, he refused Lincoln's offer to head the Union army and agreed to lead Confederate forces.

He successfully led several major battles until his defeat at Gettysburg, and he surrendered to the Union's commander General Grant at Appomattox Courthouse.

Union general with brief but successful career in the Western Theater, but he is best known for his defeat at the Second Battle of Bull Run in the East.

United States general in the American Civil War who was defeated by Robert E. Lee at the Battle of Fredericksburg (1824-1881).

Union general who was dismissed before the Battle of Gettysburg by President Lincoln after he failed to attack the broken up Confederate forces and allowed them to assemble in Pennsylvania; defeated at Chancellorsville, Virginia by Stonewall Jackson.

Union general who replaced Hooker three days before the Battle of Gettysburg, where he finally broke the Confederate attack.

Confederate general who led Pickett's charge at Gettysburg.

An American general and the eighteenth President of the United States. He achieved international fame as the leading Union general in the American Civil War.

2nd most important Union General who introduced total war in "the march to the sea." He destroyed crops, towns, and farms everywhere he went.

An American politician and jurist in the Civil War era who served as U.

S. Senator from Ohio and Governor of Ohio; as U.S. Treasury Secretary under President Abraham Lincoln; and as Chief Justice of the United States.

Prominent Copperhead who was an ex-congressman from Ohio, demanded an end to the war, and was banished to the Confederacy.

A crazed actor and Confederate zealot, who assassinated President Abraham Lincoln at Ford's Theater.