Chapter 20 World History Test

An association to fix prices, set production quotas, or control markets

Identical compenents that could be used in place of one another

Production method that breaks down a complex job into a series of smaller tasks

Workers organizations who won the right to bargain with employers for better wages, hours and working conditions

The movement of people to cities

Businesses that are owners by many investors who buy shares of stock

The process of taking over and fencing off land formerly shared by peasant farmers

Places that brought together workers and machines to produce large quantities of goods

The idea that the goal of society should be "the greatest happiness for the greatest number" of its citizens

System in which the people as a whole rather than private individuals own all property and operate all businesses

Farms, factories, railways, and other large businesses that produce and distribute goods

Policy allowing business to operate with little or no government interference

Privately built road that charges a fee to travelers who use it

Multistory building divided into crowded apartments

Form of socialism advocated by Karl Marx; according to Marx, class struggle was inevitable and would lead to the creation of a classless society in which all wealth and property would be owned by the community as a whole

Working class

German philosopher who wanted communism, condemned the ideas of utopians, and believed the working class would unite

Marx theorizing that economics was the driving force in history between the haves and have nots

Main prophet of laissez fair me economics and asserted that a free market would come to help everyone and not just the rich

Predicted that population would outpace the food supply and urged families to have fewer children

Also believed people had too many children and pointed out in his iron law of wages that when wages were high families had more children

Poor welsh boy tuned successful mill owner who refused child labor, and thorough New Lanark, showed that an employer can offer decent living and working conditions and still run a profitable business

Scottish engineer who improved the steam engine which became a key power source during the IR

Preached utilitarianism and believed all laws or actions should be judged by there utility

Used coal to separate or smelt iron from its ore and removed the impurities from coal. His son and grandson continued to improve his methods