Organized youth sports in the United States were originally developed to teach lower-class boys how to work together peacefully and to help middle-class boys
A. counteract the "feminized" values they learned at home from their mothers.
The majority of parents today in the U.S.
B. encourage both their daughters and sons to play organized sports.
Organized, adult-controlled youth sports have become prevalent in neoliberal societies. A neoliberal society is one in which
C. individualism is valued and public programs are cut back or eliminated.
Which of the following is NOT among the five changes that have encouraged participation in organized youth sports?
D. Parents know that playing informal games will harm child development.
A negative consequences of the expectation that parents are responsible for the supervision of their children 24-hours a day, 7-days a week is that
C. Parents without resources may be defined as irresponsible.
The trend toward privatization in organized youth sports has
A. made youth programs more selective and exclusive
An emphasis on the performance ethic is most likely in programs sponsored by
D. private commercial clubs.
In organized youth sport programs that emphasize the performance ethic there often is a corresponding emphasis on
C. sport specialization among children.
Different sponsors of youth sport programs have different goals. The programs that are most likely to be inclusive and emphasize overall participation are those
C. sponsored by public, tav-supported community recreation organizations.
The potential for child abuse is highest in elite, specialized sport training programs when
A. the income of adults depends of the performance of children.
Child labor laws in most post-industrial societies prevent adults from using children as sources of financial gain in
B. the film and advertising industries but not in sports.
Parental involvement in and concern about youth sports have increased because
D. parental moral worth is now associated with the success of children.
When cultural ideology emphasizes that parents are solely responsible for their children, many parents conclude that they
C. are morally obliged to stop anyone interfering with their child's success.
A sign that some children reject structured, adult-controlled sport programs is the
A. increased interest in alternative sports.
An overall comparison of informal sports and organized sports shows that
A. informal sports are action-centered while organized sports are rule-centered.
Research that compares children's experiences in organized and informal sports is scare because of three factors. Which of the following is NOT one of those factors?
D. A lack of research skills among scholars who want to study children.
The author points out that in comparison with today's children, people who grew up during the 1950s and 1960s were more likely to
C. play informal sports more often than they played organized sports.
Informal games are generally organized to emphasize
A. action and personal involvement in the action.
When Tom Farrey of ESPN interviewed developmental soccer coaches in France, they explained that
B. informal games help children develop a personal "feel" for the game.
The author notes that sport development experts worldwide agree that
D. children under 8-years old should not play highly organized sports.
Research indicates that the talent development process for people who excel in a particular activity begins with
C. exploration, unstructured play and expressive fun in an activity.
Research shows that the existence of informal children's games requires
A. that players have interpersonal skills and problem-solving abilities.
The Youth Sports National Report Card created by a panel of youth sports and child development experts issued grades for existing organized sport programs in 2005. The GPA across the five major topic areas was approximately
B. C
The expert panel that developed the Youth Sports National Report Card also explained that youth sports in the United States
D. had lost its child-centered focus.
The Youth Sports National Report Card described in the chapter has
D. had no significant impact on youth sports in the US.
According to the author, youth sports in the United States today are
A. a fragmented, disjointed and uncoordinated mix bag of programs.
Project Play, organized by ESPN journalist Tom Farrey, is focused on using youth sports to develop
B. physical literacy.
The author notes that it will be difficult to change youth sports because
C. they are often organized by adults as businesses.
The author predicts that changes in organized youth sports will be slow because
A. many adults have vested interests in keeping youth sports as they are.
As youth sports have become increasingly organized around the achievement of performance goals,
C. the play element of sports has been overlooked.
The author suggests that because children today seldom play informal games, there is a need for
A. hybrid sports.
Research suggests that one way to increase fun in youth sports is to
B. increase action during games and matches.
A specific recommendation for change made in the chapter is to
C. increase opportunities for players to reaffirm their friendships.
According to the conclusion at the close of the chapter, organized sport programs for children are worth the effort when the adults who control the programs
A. help children learn that games require cooperation between opponents.
