Suppose you were a participant in a study on information processing. Your thought processes would be likened to the
functions of a computer
What process functions to keep the brain's electrical signals on one path and increase processing speed?
Myelination
Imagine you are a neurological researcher looking at a PET scan of a 16-year-old boy. Compared to the brain scan of an 8-year-old girl, you'd most likely see
a larger cerebellum
Tony is a 12th-grade boy who is having trouble learning about anatomy. Seeing this, Tony's teacher has asked Gladys, a bright classmate of Tony's, to help him understand the concepts he's having trouble with. Deciding to have Gladys help Tony learn anatomy, the teacher is helping Tony work within his
zone of proximal development
Mental operations performed by children in the concrete operational stage (age 7-11) are limited to what they can
experience directly
In order to remember his grocery list, 12-year-old Andy organizes the list into food groups (i.e., dairy, grains, junk food). Andy is using
a mnemonic device
In order to remember his grocery list, 12-year-old Andy organizes the list into food groups (i.e., dairy, grains, junk food). Andy is using
crystallized intelligence
The more automatic a cognitive task is, the
faster you are able to complete the problem
Which item is not considered one of the eight types of intelligence proposed by Howard Gardner?
Jared and his dad are working on Jared's calculus homework. While Jared is quick to respond when he sees information that he learned in class, Jared's dad, Greg, uses his years of experience to figure out the answer. As compared to Greg, Jared possesses better
Piaget conceived of __________ as an active process in which children seek out the type of information and stimulation that matches the development of their thinking.
maturation
This part of the brain was long thought to influence only movement but is now known to influence higher thought processes.
A child watches a kitten walking in front of her and reaches out to grab the kitten's tail. According to Piaget, this child is ____________________
in the sensorimotor stage.
According to the text, one possible explanation of why adolescents and adults differ in decision making is because mature decision making requires both
cognitive and psychological factors.
Who is the most likely to understand the metaphor "life is like a box of chocolates"?
Wayland, a 15-year-old boy.
There are two types of short-term memory: one type is involved in the input and storage of new information, the other type of short-term memory is known as
working memory.
In order for scaffolding to be successful, what does the teacher need to be aware of?
When the student becomes competent at the task he/she is performing
According to the text, Vygotsky's concept of the zone of proximal development is defined as
the gap between what children and adolescents can accomplish alone and what they are capable of doing if guided by a more competent peer.
As automaticity decreases, what increases?
Conscious effort
Concerning the automaticity of problem solving, the biggest difference between 9-year-old Charlie and his 50-year-old father, Martin, is that
While Lynn is trying to read a book, her daughter Jennifer is listening to loud music in the same room. In order for Lynn to concentrate on her book, she needs to employ
selective attention.
A recent study completed by Peng and Nisbett (1999) which focused on dialectical thinking found that what culture tended to promote this type of thinking more than others?
