Bio Ch. 36 , 37, 38

Which of the following is an example of a population?

Assume that there are five alligators per acre in a swamp in northern Florida. This is a measure of the alligator population's

The pattern of distribution for a certain species of kelp is clumped. We would expect that the pattern of distribution of snails that live on the kelp would be

The density of Douglas firs in an old-growth forest is estimated by counting the Douglas firs in four sample plots of 1 hectare each. The number of fir trees in the plots is 10, 12, 7, and 11, respectively. What is the estimated density of the firs in the forest?

A survivorship curve is a

A Type I survivorship curve is associated with which of the following life history traits?

A survivorship curve that involves producing very few offspring, each of which has a high probability of surviving, is typical of

The maximum number of individuals a habitat can support is called its

Consider a stable frog population living at carrying capacity in a pond. If an average female produces 6,000 eggs during her lifetime and an average of 300 tadpoles hatch from these eggs, how many of these tadpoles will, on average, survive to reproduce.

A population of fungi in a yard produces 10 mushrooms in year 1, 20 in year 2, and 40 in year 3. If this trend continues, by year 5 there will be _______ mushrooms?

A newly mated queen ant establishes an ant nest in an unoccupied patch of suitable habitat. The population of the nest grows quickly at first, then levels off at carrying capacity. Which of the following types of equation will best describe its population growth?

A test tube is inoculated with 1x10^3 cells of a bacterial strain that has a generation time of 30 minutes. The carrying capacity of the test tube for this strain is 6x10^9 cells. What will the bacterial population be after 90 minutes of culturing?

If a population has a birth rate of 40 individuals per 1,000 per year and a death rate of 30 individuals per 1,000 per year, how will the population change each year? (Assume that the population is below carrying capacity and that there is no immigration or emigration).

A human population will achieve zero population growth if

The death by bubonic plague of about one-third of Europe's population during the fourteenth century is a good example of

A tidal wave wipes out the entire population of mice living on an island. This is an example of

In the logistic growth model, as population size increases, birth rates

Which of the following is most clearly a case of density-dependent population regulation?

In terms of population dynamic, what is "boom-and-bust" cycling?

An ecologist hypothesizes that predation by a particular owl species is the major factor controlling the population of a particular rabbit species. If this is the case, which of the following population effects could be expected in this rabbit-owl pair?

An r-selected species typically

Which of the following organisms best illustrates K-selection?

Guppies from Trinidad form two distinct populations that differ in several life history traits that appear to relate to the local predator populations, pike-cichlids or killifish. Which of the following experiments would test the heritability of these traits?

A demographic tool used to predict a population's future growth is

Which of the following statements about human demographic trends is true?

The human population on Earth is expected to reach 9.5 million people by

An ecological footprint

A community is composed of

An owl and a hawk both eat mice. Which of these describes the relationship between a hawk and an owl?

When two different populations in a community benefit from their relationship with each other, the result is called

When a crocodile eats a fish, the interspecific interaction between the two could be expressed as _______for the crocodile and _____for the fish.

The sum total of a population's use of the biotic and abiotic resources of its habitat constitutes its

In an ecosystem, you would expect to find interspecific competition between

If an overlap develops between the ranges of two closely related species, and if the species occupy the same niche in the zone of overlap, what will probably happen in the zone of overlap?

Dinoflagellates are important to coral and coral-dwelling animals because they

Camouflage typically evolves as a result of

Some herbivore-plant interactions evolved through a series of reciprocal evolutionary adaptations in both species. The process is called

On Earth, most organic molecules are produced by

In a food chain consisting of phytoplankton----zooplankton---fish----fisherman, the fisherman are

Organisms that digest molecules in organic material and convert them into inorganic forms are

In a certain ecosystem, field mice are preyed on by snakes and hawks. The entry of wild dogs into the system adds another predator of the mice. Of the following, the most likely short-term result of this addition is

Which of the following statements regarding food webs is true?

The number of species in a community is called the

We expect that a keystone species that is a predator will

During ecological succession, the species composition of a plant community generally

When a New England farm is abandoned, its formerly plowed fields first become weedy meadows, then shrubby areas, and finally forest.This sequence of plant communities is an example of

Biological control is defined as

The flow of ______into ecosystems occurs in one direction only, while _____ are recycled within the ecosystem itself.

About how much of the energy in the producers of an ecosystem will be available to secondary consumers in the ecosystem?

You want to do all that you can to safeguard the environment by preserving energy. One simple thing that you can do is to eat a diet consisting only of organisms that are

Carbon mainly cycles between the biotic and abiotic worlds through the processes of

Which of the following statements about the phosphorus cycle is true?

Denitrifying bacteria convert_____to_______.

Eutrophication of a lake could occur if

The primary goal of conservation biology is to

Biodiversity considers

The three greatest current threats to biodiversity, in order starting with the greatest, are

To decrease pollution from sulfur, your local power plant built very tall smokestacks. The ultimate consequence of this would most likely be

Which of the following is a likely consequence of the thinning of the ozone layer?

You spray your lawn with a pesticide. The concentration of the pesticide in the tissues of the grass on your lawn is 10^-6 parts per million (ppm). Grasshoppers eat the grass and are in turn eaten by rats, which are then eaten by owls. At each successive trophic level, the concentration of pesticides increases. The term for this process is

Greenhouse gases include

Average global temperature has risen____over the past 100 years.

CO2 in the atmosphere is absorbed by______and converted into biomass.

Scientists worry that global warming will result in the oceans

One way in which populations and species have been responding to climate change is by

The ability to change phenotype in response to local environmental conditions is called

Some populations, especially those with high genetic variability and short life spans, may avoid extinction as the climate changes through

Captive breeding

Which of the following statements about movement corridors is true?

Habitats with many edges

Small area that are home to a large number of threatened species and an exceptional concentration of species found nowhere else on Earth are called

Species found in only one place on Earth are called______species.

Most biodiversity hot spots are found in ______regions.

About one-third of all animal and plant species are concentrated on ______of Earth's land.

One result of Costa Rica's commitment to conservation is that

The introduction of wolves into Yellowstone National Park in 1991 resulted in

The Yukon to Yellowstone Initiative is a plan to

If wolves were now removed from Yellowstone National Park, we would expect that

The aspect of conservation ecology concerned with returning degraded ecosystems (as nearly as possible) to their natural state is

Using living organisms to clean up polluted ecosystems is known as

The Kissimmee River Project is an

Sustainable development