Outcomes of revolution in Guatemala
violence, political instability, military repression, foreign intervention, failure
Economy of Communist Cuba
dependent on financial support of Soviets, failed industrialization & sugar production
Liberation theology
Catholic theology& socialist principles, stressed social equality
Characteristics of military regimes in Latin America
more organized, philosophy of being above political parties (ended in 1980's), authoritarian
Good Neighbor Policy
promised to stop direct interventions and deal fairly with L. America --by Franklin Roosevelt
US involvement with Panama
1989-90 - toppled authoritarian govt, replaced w/ cooperative regime by US troops (US wants Panama Canal)
Women in L. America
political exclusion, hard to find jobs, lower salaries than men
Population characteristics in L. America
large immigration into L. America, too many people = not enough jobs, declining mortality, increasing fertility, rich and poor gap, little middle class
US involvement in L. America post-World War II
no direct control, US companies, fruit companies, take out communists (Cold War vision)
Communist Revolution of Cuba
Castro exiled at first, learns from Che, takes over Cuba, supports the poor
Opposition to military rule in Argentina
1980 - economic problems, too much pressure to control opposition leaders, US is gone
Problems faced by decolonized nations as they gained independence
unequal distribution of goods/services, inadequate resources, communalism = ethnic fighting, political instability, civil war
Ethnic and community violence in decolonized states in Africa
Rwanda genocide, commie Ghana under Kwame, apartheid in S. Africa
Population growth in Africa
extended families lives together, poor education, better hygiene
Causes of birth rates in Third World nations
high death rate, no birth control, need working family
Effects of high population rate in Third World nations
hurts environment, high migration, govt corruption, big class gap
Neocolonialism
global economy dominated by industrialized markets
Kwame Nkrumah's rule of Ghana
social reform, economic uplift, became dictator (commie)
Commonalities of Asian and African govts since decolonization
military govt, attracted Western help, no civil liberties
Reasons for military takeover of Third World nations
easier to rule, put down rebellions, end corruption
End of Khedive power in Egypt
Nasser & military takeover
Similarities of decolonization in India and Egypt
lack of resources, low living standards, high class gap
Iranian revolution
theocracy, Ayatollah Khamenei, Islamic fundamentalist
South African politics
apartheid = segregation, homelands = only black, whites dominated politics
Nelson Mandela
1st freely elected president, leader of ANC, jail for 27 years
China and Vietnam vs other Third World nations
preserved own culture despite colonization, revolutions, turned commie
US occupation in Japan
no military, end shintoism, democracy, new construction, women's suffrage, MacAurthor
Korea politically after WWII
divided north = commie, south = authoritarian, Korean War - MacAurthor
Syngman Rhee
ruled S. Korea, developed parliament, forced out, replaced by other authoritarians
Hong Kong
British colony until 1997, increasing autonomy, bridge b/n China/rest of world
Japanese women in the late 20th century
education, birth rate decrease, housewives, no feminism
Economic growth in Korea after 1950
industry created by govt, consumer goods, international marketing (Hyundai + Kia)
Chinese domestic policies in the 1950's and 1960's
Great Leap Forward: 5 year plans, industry
Cultural Revolution: land distribution, get rid of fourolds
Gang of Four
tried to seize control, anti-pragmatists (anti-less commie)
Similarities b/n Vietnamese nationalist organization and other Third World nations
West education, all worked, get rid of Europe
Viet Minh
Commie Viets, nationalist movement, guerilla tactics, Ho Chi Minh, Vo Nguyen, anti-French/Japanese
Chinese politics in the 1980's
opened economy to world, less commie economy, strict govt = Tiananmen Square
Working class men and women role in global network
consumer culture, poor countries in factories
Demise of Communism
end of Cold War, Gorbi opens up USSR, eastern bloc breaks away, non-Russian USSR breaks away
US response to Russian invasion of Afghanistan
US sends money/weapons
Gorbachev's reforms
glasnost: opened USSR to world economy
perestroika: economic reconstruction, people can make money (small businesses)
Trends of end of 20th century
democracy, terrorism, globalization (tech, internet, consumerism)
Causes of Soviet economy stagnation
collectivization = limited resource = starvation
Terrorism in late 20th/early 21st centuries
targeted civilians