AP World History Unit 3 Test Review

the prophet of Islam from Mecca

the native city of Muhammad and the place Muslims travel to to make a pilgrimage

the holy pilgrimage to Mecca by Muslims

meaning "submission", it is the religion/faith started and founded by the prophet Muhammad

meaning "one who has submitted", it is an individual who accepts the Islamic faith

the only deity recognized in the monotheistic Islamic religion

Arabic term that means "the house of Islam"

a wealthy widow whom Muhammad worked for and later married in the year 595

the archangel that delivered messages and revelations from Allah to Muhammad

meaning "recitation", it is the holy book of Islam

Islam doctrine that included sayings attributed to Muhammad and accounts of the prophet's deeds

meaning "migration", Muhammad's move to Medina serves as the starting point of the Islamic calendar

meaning "community of the faithful", it is the community of the early Islamic people

the final prophet through whom Allah would reveal his message to humankind

1. Allah is the only God, 2. Pray to Allah daily, 3. Fast during daylight hours of month of Ramadan, 4. Contribute alms, 5. Undertake hajj and make pilgrimage to Mecca

meaning "struggle", it involved Muslims making physical and spiritual obligations

the Islamic holy law

the first Islam caliph that served after the death of Muhammad

deputy that led the Islamic community

"party"; Islamic minority in opposition to the Sunni majority; believed that leadership should reside in the line descended from Ali

"Traditionalists"; most popular branch of Islam; believed in the legitimacy of the early caliphs

a cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad who was a candidate for a caliph when the prophet died

the dynasty that ruled after the death of Muhammad and solved the problem of succession; ruled the dar al-Islam as conquerors

a special head tax that was levied on conquered people that did not convert to Islam

a descendant of Muhammad's uncle and chief leader and founder of the Abbasid dynasty

the dynasty that ruled after the Umayyad and founded by Abu al-Abbas; ruled the dar al-Islam not as conquerors but contended themselves with administering the empire

"the people with religious knowledge"; pious scholars who sought to develop public policy in accordance with the Quran and sharia

"judges"; heard cases at law and rendered decisions based on the Quran and sharia

ruler of the Abbasid during the highest point of the dynasty

an empire that toppled the Abbasid dynasty in 1258

a nomadic people from central Asia who took possession of Baghdad and ruled the Abbasid with a sultan, or ruler

a famous sailor who compiled his stories in a book called the Book of the Wonders of India

a tribe from central Asia that invaded India and disrupted the Gupta administration

a Turkish people that extended their authority and their empire to most of the Indian subcontinent

reigned for about 40 years and temporarily restored unified rule in most of northern India and sought to revive imperial authority

King Harsha's kingdom that dominated most of northern India during its reign

an Indus River valley that was incorporated as a province of the Umayyad dynasty

leader of the Turks in Afghanistan who mounted raided India for its wealth

an Islamic state established by Mahmud's successors after conquering most of the Hindu kingdoms

a kingdom in southern India that conquered Ceylon and whose navy dominated the waters

a kingdom in southern India called "the city of victory" and was based in the northern Deccan

two brothers that represented the sultan and implement court policies in the south

Indian ship that was favored by the Persian, Indian, and Arab sailors

Chinese and southeast Asian ship that sailed the Indian ocean

a kingdom that displaced Kush as Egypt's principal link to southern lands and sent the Nubian kingdom into economic and political decline; also adopted Christianity

two of the most important deities in the Hindu pantheon

an Indian devotee of Shiva who held that the physical world was an illusion and that ultimate reality lay beyond the physical senses

the impersonal world-soul of the Upanishads

a devotee of Vishnu who challenged Shankara's uncompromising insistence on logic

agent of conversion to Islam and encouraged a personal, emotional, devotional approach to Islam

a cult of love and devotion that sought to erase the distinction between Hinduism and Islam

a blind weaver who taught that Shiva, Vishnu, and Allah were all the same manifestations of a single, universal deity

a community whose name means "persons" and migrated throughout sub-Saharan Africa

a single god who was recognized by Niger-Congo peoples

a region where brisk economic development supported the emergence of large as well as small kingdoms

one of the more prosperous states whose government included the king and supporting officials

principal state of west Africa who was ruled by as many as twenty-two kings before Muhammad

Ghana's capital and principal trading site

a Spanish Muslim traveler who described Koumbi-Saleh as a flourishing site with buildings of stone and mosques

lion prince who built the Mali empire after making alliances with local rulers and making an army

Sundiata's grand-nephew who ruled Mali during its highest point; he also observed Islam after making his pilgrimage

an Arabic term meaning "coasters", referring to those who engaged in trade along the African coast

one of the busiest city-states on the east African coast

a Moroccan traveler who traveled throughout much of the eastern hemisphere

an African kingdom whose names refers to the dwelling of a chief

a magnificent stone complex that arose in the modern state of Zimbabwe