AP World History Religions

Caanan or Israel. About 400 BC

Abraham traveled from Mesopotamia to Caanan, with the faith that God would bless his descendants if they worshiped him. From Abraham came Isaac and Jacob. Over 1,000 years after Abraham, the Jews were slaves in Egypt. Moses led them to the Holy land. God gave them ten commandments.

Only one god, Yahweh exists (monotheistic faith) Every Jew can have an individual relationship with God. God appointed them to set a holy, ethical example for the world. They should do things together, as a community. Baby Boy should be circumcised at 8 days old. Sabbath meal Bringing holiness into everything they do.

People across the world practice Judaism. It is less popular in the Middle East. They prey in Synagogues.

With Orthodox Judaism, women do not learn as much of the Talmud as men. They also wear skirts and cover their hair.

The Torah, which are 5 books of Moses, broadly conceived as Hebrew scriptures. It reveals how Yahweh has been with them throughout history. Also, oral traditional Talmud

6-pointed star

Stable in Bethlehem in the holy land. 7 B.C.

Jesus was born in Bethlehem in the Holy Land. Mary was his mother, who became pregnant by the holy spirit. He died on a cross in 30 A.D., but was resurrected.

The Bible, including the Old Testament and the New Testament

Jesus was the Messiah promised the the Old testament. Jesus Christ is the son of God, sent to Earth to save humanity from the consequences of its sins. Crucifixion (Jesus dying on the Cross) Resurrection (rising from the dead on the third day) Only one god, but there are the 3 elements of god the father, God the Son, and the holy spirit (trinity) Life After Death

Worship in churches. Leaders are priests and ministers. Practiced throughout the world.

Women have many more rights than women of other religions, but the men still have authority. Today, most Christians view women as equal

Cross

Mecca, Arabia between 610 and 632.

Muhammad was told by the angel Gabriel that he would be a prophet. His followers, Muslims, considered him to be the last prophet.

Qur'an: Sacred word of God Sunnah: practical example of Muhammad and there are Pillars of Islam

Only one God, Allah God sent prophets to teach mankind how to live according to His law. Jesus, Moses, and Abraham are prophets. Final prophet was Muhammad Five Basic Pillars of Islam: Declaration of Faith, Praying Five Times a Day, Giving Money to Charity, Fasting, At Least One Pilgrimage to Mecca. Six Main Beliefs: Allah is the only god, there are angels, holy books, prophets, day of judgment, predestination.

Worship in a mosque. Generally practiced in the Middle East.

Women regularly pray at home. If they go to a mosque, they must sit separately from men. Women are treated as possessions of their husbands. They wear a hijab.

Moon crescent with a star in the middle.

Around the Indus Valley in Modern day Pakistan. Before 2000 BCE

There is no single founder because the religion is prehistoric. The religion started in the Indus valley, where people started temple rituals, ritual bathing, animal sacrifice, making terracotta figurines, and writing script.

NO Single Scripture Main texts are the Vedas: four books discussing multiple gods, the universe, and creation. Upandishads and the Epics Main Texts: the Vedas, the Samhitals, and Upanishads, the Bhogaval Gita, the Ramayana.

There is a cycle of birth, death, and rebirth governed by Karma The next life is based off of the decisions of the previous life. Time is cyclical Adhere to Dharma, which is law, duty, and truth. Brahman is the source of the universe but there are deities to represent his beliefs. At temples, people bring offerings to deities. Some important deities are Vishnu, Shiva, and Shakti

Very popular in India and Nepal. They worship deities in temples.

Traditionally, in the Vedas, the main purpose of women is to help her husband continue his family by giving birth to and caring for his children. They worship many female deities. It is the man's duty to protect his wife. Women don't have much freedom, they are always controlled by a man. Women cannot meet any men without the presence of a male family member. They cannot have a say in who they marry.

Looks like a 3 and a 0 with a little swirly thing over it.

566-486 B.C.E. Village of Lumbini in present day Nepal.

Siddhartha Guatama, Buddha, lived a luxurious life until he left royalty and found an old man, a sick man, and a corpse. He became a monk before being in poverty. He decided to live a life without luxury nor poverty. He sat under the Bodhi tree and meditated deeply, which made him enlightened. On the path of enlightenment, he was led to the pain of rebirth to enlightenment, which make him the "awakened one"

Tiptaka The Diamond Sutra

Focuses on the insight into the true nature of life. Change is always possible and nothing is permanent. Practice of morality, meditation, and wisdom for the path of enlightenment. NO personal god Life is endless because of reincarnation Not about the relationship of humanity with God. The Four Noble truths that Buddha saw under the Bodhi Tree: The truth of suffering, the truth of the origin of suffering, the truth of the cessation of suffering, the truth of the path to the cessation of suffering. Belief in Karma.

Many parts of Asia, including China, South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Singapore, Indonesia, Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand, Laos, Sri Lanka, and Burma.

Had to be under control of their fathers in childhood, husbands in youth, and sons in old age. Thought of as only housewives. Little education and religious freedom. However, women are considered equally useful of society.

Looks like a ship wheel with 8 spokes.

Ancient Iran 1200-1500 B.C.E.

Founded by Zoraster, a prophet. Zoraster did not like the idea of many gods, class structure, or animal sacrifice. He believed in one creator, God.

The Avesta, which includes seventeen hymns by Zoraster, called the Gathees and the younger Avesta, including myths and stories.

One god named Ahura Mazda who created the world. The elements are pure and fire represents God's light and wisdom. Pray several times a day. Cosmic Dualism: There is an ongoing battle of good and evil in the universe. Life is a mixture of the two forces. Moral Dualism: Man can choose the path of evil or the path of righteousness. God is all powerful, knows everything, is everywhere, created life, is unchanging, and is the source of all happiness. Live my the Maxim: "Good Thoughts, Good Words, Good Deeds."

Worship in a Fire Temple called an Agiary. Not very popular today. Some are found in India, Iran, the U.S., Afghanistan, the U.K., and Canada.

Men and Women are equally important in keeping the world divine. Children honor their mother and father equally. "Women are prone to temptations of evil so they are regularly watched."

Weird Dude on wings thing. Cauldron of fire thing.

Fourth Century B.C.E China

Hsun Tzu found a legalist school based on the idea that humans are evil and selfish. He thought that, to make humans moral, they would need harsh punishment.

The Book of Lord Shang Itan Fei-Tzu

Order is above all other human concerns. The government could not be persuaded by tradition and humanity. Best way to control human behavior is through written law, rather than ritual, custom, or ethics. Humans are innately bad.

Can be practiced within any religion that has a set of rules.

Cannot wear makeup, cannot drink alcohol, husband is in control, they need to work in the home.

NO Set Symbol

500 B.C.E Japan

Early Japanese people made stories and rituals that gave them a better understanding of spirits and the world.

Kojiki: Records of Ancient Matters Nihon-gi: Chronicles of Japan They include ancient myths and teachings

Devotion to invisible spiritual beings called Kami. There are rituals that allow humans to communicate with Kami. Kami help people be successful and healthy. It can coexist with Buddhism. Humans are good and there is no "original sin" You don't have to follow Shinto as your only religion. No Shinto God.

People prey at shrines, which are sometimes in their own homes. Rarely practiced outside of Japan because it is an ethnic religion.

During WW2, there was the idea that "men are better," so women could no longer be priests. But, women have slowly been getting more rights and becoming priests again.

Looks like a little hut thing

China 142 CE.

Grew out of different Chinese thoughts and religions. Zhang Daoling was the first celestial master and founder of the first organized Taoist school of thought. It was created with the idea of integrating Taoism into the existing world views of all levels of the Chinese people.

Tao Te Ching (Lao Tzu): describes the nature of the universe. Shows how to live spiritually and ethnically. Chuang-Tzu: Collection of the wisdom of many different people.

Yin and Yang. There are complementary forces: action and non action, light and dark, hot and cold. There are many deities worshiped in Taoist temples. They depend on the Tao. The Tao is the ultimate creative principle of the universe. Everything connects to the Tao. They believe in uniting with nature, being spiritually immortal, self-development, meditations, feng shui, fortune telling, and reading/chanting scriptures. Many gods, borrowed from other cultures, who are subject to the Tao.

Was in China, but because of communist efforts, it is now rare there. About 3500 of them now in England and Wales.

Like with Yin and Yang, men and women are equal. Women can be priests and there are many female deities. Men and women are complementary and inseparable.

Yin Yang

551-479 B.C. Lu, Northern China

Confucious was a teacher who emphasized education, proper behavior, and loyalty. He had a lot of influence on Chinese Culture. Confucious made learning more focused on moral judgment and self-realization.

Analects: collections of confucios' sayings as remembered by his students.

Moral conduct and right relationships in the human sphere. Jen: a benevolent and humanitarian attitude. LI: maintaining proper relationships and rituals that enhance the life of the individual, the family, and the state. The 5 Relations: between king and subject, father and son, man and wife, older and younger brother, and friend and friend. It is important to achieve harmony.

China, Korea, Vietnam

Women are thought of as subordinates. Expected to be selfless and make sacrifices for men. Biggest job was to bear children. Expected to have humility.

looks kind of like a flower.