AP World History Period #4 Vocabulary Terms

a period of cultural and biological exchanges between the New and Old Worlds. Exchanges of plants, animals, diseases and technology transformed European and Native American ways of life.

Spanish explorers and warriors who successfully conquered much of America in the 16th century.

a person born in the West Indies or Spanish America but of European, usually Spanish, ancestry. 2. a person born in Louisiana but of usually French ancestry. 3. (sometimes lowercase) a person of mixed black and European, especially French or Spanish, ancestry who speaks a creolized form of French or Spanish.

was a system that took place under the Ottoman Empire. The system of devshirme was introduced under Sultan Murad 2 in the 1420's. The sultan would collect Christian boys from the Balkans and turn them into his slaves.Apr 22, 2008

a religiously required per capita yearly tax historically levied by Islamic states on certain non-Muslim subjects (dhimmis) permanently residing in Muslim lands under Islamic law.

belief in the benefits of profitable trading; commercialism.

is a term traditionally used in Spain and Spanish America to mean a person of combined European and Amerindian descent, or someone who would have been deemed a Castizo (one European parent and one Mestizo parent)

a person of mixed white and black ancestry, especially a person with one white and one black parent.

a Spanish-born Spaniard residing in the New World or the Spanish East Indies

Plantation complexes in the Southeastern United States refers to the built environment that was common on agricultural plantations in the American South from the 17th into the 20th century.

a form of colonial formation whereby foreign people move into a region. An imperial power oversees the immigration of these settlers who consent, often only temporarily, to government by that authority.

a Turkic word for "tribute" that was used in Imperial Russia to designate fur tribute exacted from the indigenous peoples of Siberia.

a naval trade license or pass issued by the Portuguese in the Indian ocean during the sixteenth century, under the rule of the Portuguese empire

one of the great lords who were vassals of the shogun.

indigenous peoples of North America.

Ferdinand Magellan was a Portuguese explorer who organised the Spanish expedition to the East Indies from 1519 to 1522, resulting in the first circumnavigation of the Earth.

African slaves were thereafter traded for raw materials, which were returned to Europe to complete the "Triangular Trade". The Middle Passage was the stage of the triangular trade in which millions of Africans were shipped to the New World as part of the Atlantic slave trade.

is a silver coin worth eight reales

a member of a powerful military caste in feudal Japan, especially a member of the class of military retainers of the daimyos.

military commander

Soft, pure gold plating is used in the semiconductor industry. The gold layer is easily soldered and wire bonded. Its Knoop hardness ranges between 60-85. The plating baths have to be kept free of contamination.

type of empire established by the Portuguese in the Indian Ocean trading arena./The Portuguese sought to control the commerce in the area and did not want to control large areas of land.

was the last feudal Japanese military government

communities throughout the world that are descended from the historic movement of peoples from Africa, predominantly to the Americas, Europe, Asia, and the Middle East, among other areas around the globe.

a spiritual path or spiritual practice within Hinduism focused on the cultivation of love and devotion toward God. It has been defined as a practice of devotion toward God,

The belief that God has created the universe but remains apart from it and permits his creation to administer itself through natural laws. Deism thus rejects the supernatural aspects of religion, such as belief in revelation in the Bible, and stresses the importance of ethical conduct.

spirits that either inhabit or actually are physical phenomena such as waterfalls, mountains, or man-made shrines.

school and approach to study and research in China

Sir Isaac Newton PRS was an English physicist and mathematician who is widely recognised as one of the most influential scientists of all time and as a key figure in the scientific revolution.

Karl Marx was a German philosopher, economist, sociologist, journalist and revolutionary socialist. Born in Prussia, he later became stateless and spent much of his life in London.

Martin Luther was a German professor of theology, priest, former monk and a seminal figure in the Protestant Reformation. Luther came to reject several teachings and practices of the Late Medieval Catholic Church.

one of the youngest amongst the major world religions, is a monotheistic religion

was the 16th-century religious, political, intellectual and cultural upheaval that splintered Catholic Europe, setting in place the structures and beliefs that would define the continent in the modern era.

was the emergence of modern science during the early modern period, when developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology and chemistry transformed views of society and nature.

Nicolaus Copernicus was a Renaissance mathematician and astronomer who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than the Earth at the center of the universe.

an English naturalist and geologist, best known for his contributions to evolutionary theory.