AP World History Chapter 9: Buddhism

Buddhism is unlike Hinduism in this way

principal religion of Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, and Myanmar

founder of Buddhism; born in Nepal

received a prophecy that said Siddhartha Gautama would become a great teacher or emperor; sheltered him so he would become a soldier

how old Siddhartha was when he left the palace walls

Siddhartha set out on a quest to remedy this in life

Siddhartha traveled for six years as this; practicing severe self-discipline

where Siddhartha Gautama began to meditate to become enlightened

revealed tempations given by this spirit to be illusions through a hand movement (mudra)

He Who Has Awakened

How many days did Buddha meditate before becoming enlightened?

where Buddha delivered his first sermon

Right views, right resolve, right speech, right conduct, right livelihood, right effort, right recollection, and right meditation

right living could bring release from the cycle of mortality and pain and entry into this; a kind of blissful nothingness

Buddha taught that there is no

age that Buddha died; 483 bce

open to men of all castes; drew antagonism of brahmins

today Buddhist nuns exist only here

used to beg for their livings, but increasingly got richer through money and land donations; contact with outside people has decreased

Buddhist shrines

heavy emphasis on benevolence or

heavy emphasis on ______ and _______

heavy emphasis on proper behavior or

fourth general council codified the key principals for this branch of Buddhism at Kashmir; prevails today in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia except for Vietnam

"The Greater Vehicle"

"being of wisdom"; postponed Nirvana to be reincarnated to another human form for the well-being of other humans in Mahayana Buddhism

Mahayana Buddhism teaches that this can be achieved through good deeds and transferred to others

Mahayana heaven presided over by this person; had lived on earth and now become a father in heaven

suffering servant who will come to redeem humanity

believed in multiple heavens and multiple forms of the Buddha presiding over them

one of the three aspects of Buddha according to Mahayana Buddhists: Buddha in heaven

one of the three aspects of Buddha according to Mahayana Buddhists: historical Buddha on earth

one of the three aspects of Buddha according to Mahayana Buddhists: most revered of all the bodhisattvas, freely moving

Theravada preferred this language for their texts

Mahayana used this language for their texts in India wishing to appeal to the upper classes more

Mahayana theologist; elaborated Buddhist philosophies and debated directly with brahmin priests

Buddhist monasteries est. educational programs at these two places

When did Buddhism start to decline in India?

people in India saw a lot of similarities between these two religions and didn't bother to make a distinction

Buddhists throughout history relied on these people to do their life cycle ceremonies (another reason for decline of Buddhism in India)

This evolved and became more attractive to Buddhists

Hinduism had a tradition of this; it included the acceptance of Buddha in their religion in a reincarnated form of Vishnu

these people took over the silk route and eventually invaded India; they eradicated Buddhism in India because they didn't wish to coexist with it; Hinduism survived these peoples because it was more deeply rooted into Indian culture

a teacher of Jainism at about the same time as Buddha who guided the religion into its modern form

Mahavir's designation of conquerer

follow eternal law of ethical treatment of others to reach nirvana

Buddhism arrived in China by

First Chinese monastery est. here

most notable pilgrims to visit the land of the Buddha and take notes on it

Mahayana Buddhism took root in China after this dynasty fell

Mahayana Buddhism attracted this group in China; they had slight competition, but that often led to recognition of one another

held a special appeal for rulers of Northern China because they were also outsiders (Toba rulers of Wei Dynasty)

brought down by the Han dynasty because they had lost the mandate and this philosophy was very closely connected with government at that time

declared Buddhism the official state religion in Liang (southern China)

thought in terms of order and control

tended toward decentralized congregational worship within a loose doctrinal framework

eight different sects of Buddhism emerged under this dynasty, each with a different interpretation of the religion and its message

meditative exercises of Chan Buddhism (emphasized the importance of meditation to achieve enlightenement) became known as

believed anyone could reach paradise after death through faith in Buddha Amitabha

Buddhists invented this as a means of producing their religious texts

earliest woodblock printing is an illustrated copy of ______ from 868 ce

only woman to ever rule China in her own name; used Buddhism to legitamize her rule; said she was a reincarnation of Maitreya, the buddha of future salvation

became the world religion of most of Central Asia

only place that still supported Buddhism by state power

"vehicle of the thunderbolt"; came later in Eastern India to Tibet

another name for Vajrayana Buddhism; named for its scriptures advocating magic rituals; venerated not only Buddhas, but also their female counterparts

scriptures advocating magic rituals

was a Daoist and attacked Buddhism because he was personally opposed to it; during the Tang dynasty;

Japanese people followed "The Way of The Kami" otherwise known as ______ before Buddhism arrived

powers and spirits inherent in nature

Buddhism first came to Japan from China through this kingdom of Korea

was seen as a way of performing miracles and healing the sick

Buddhism found acceptance at a political level under this guy

Where Japan moved their capital city to and modeled after China's capital of Chang'an

these two religions coexist in Japan

taught that each person could reach elightenment through sincere religious devotion on Japan

one of the most important temple communities in Japan

became increasingly entwined with Japanese politics after having to fight alongside Shinto's for their land rights to keep their temples on

intended his monastery to remain aloof from politics

"True Word" Buddhism; introduced by Kukai

Japanese script in phonetic letters rather than ideograms; founded by Kukai

formula of utterances of words and sounds that are believed to possess spiritual power (practice of both Hinduism and Buddhism) (sayings to live by)

symbolic circular diagram of complex geometric design used as an instrument of meditation or in the performance of sacred rites in Hinduism and Buddhism

character or figure in a writing system in which the idea of a thing is represented rather than its name

form of Chinese Buddhism that influenced Japan; Buddha of infinite light

emphasis on martial arts made is attractive to the increasingly powerful Buddhist class

one of the ways in which Buddhism had a lasting effect on Japanese culture; many forms of it

one of the ways in which Buddhism had a lasting effect on Japanese culture; Tale of Genji to novels of Mishima Yukio

one of the ways in which Buddhism had a lasting effect on Japanese culture; religion