AP World History: Chapter 14: The Last Great Nomadic Challenges

Grandson of Kabul Khan; born in 1170's; elected supreme Mongol ruler (khagan) in 1206; began the Mongols' rise to world power; died 1227.

Basic fighting units of Mongol forces; made up of 10,000 cavalrymen divided into smaller units.

Turkic ruler of Muslim Khwarazm; conquered by Mongols in 1220.

Capital of Mongol Empire under Chinggis Khan.

Mongol beliefs focused on nature spirits.

Grandson of Chinggis Khan and ruler of the Golden Horde; invaded Russia in 1236.

Third son of Chinggis Khan; succeeded him as Mongol khagan.

One of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol Empire after the death of Chinggis Khan; conquered and ruled Russia during the 13th and 14th centuries.

A mythical Christian monarch whose kingdom supposedly had been cut off from Europe by the Muslim conquests; some thought he was Chinggis Khan.

One of four regional subdivisions of the Mongols Empire after the death of Chinggis Khan; eventually included much of Abbasid Empire.

Grandson of Chinggis Khan and ruler of Ilkhan khanate; captured and destroyed Abbasid Baghdad.

Muslim slave warriors; established dynasty in Egypt; led by Baibars; defeated Mongols at Ain Jalut in 1260.

Grandson of Chinggis Khan; conquered China; established Yuan dynasty in 1271.

Mongol capital of Yuan dynasty; present-day Beijing.

Influential wife of Kubilai Khan; demonstrated refusal of Mongol women to adopt restrictive social conventions of Confucian China.

Asian Christian sect; cut off from Europe by Muslim invasions.

Famous Chinese dramatic work written during the Yuan period.

Secret religious society dedicated to overthrow of Yuan dynasty.

Chinese peasant who led successful revolt against Yuan; founded Ming dynasty.

Last major nomad leader; 14th-century Turkic ruler of Samarkand; launched attacks in Persia, Fertile Crescent, India, southern Russia; empire disintegrated after his death in 1405.

Title of supreme ruler of the Mongol Tribes.

Four regional Mongol kingdoms that arose following the death of Chinggis Khan.

Russian army victory over the forces of the Golden Horde; helped break Mongol hold over Russia.

(1223-1277) Commander of Mamluk forces at Ain Jalut in 1260; originally enslaved by Mongols and sold to Egyptians.

Succeeded Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted huge trade expeditions to southern Asia and elsewhere, but later concentrated efforts on internal development within China.