AP Art Unit 5 Part 3

Viceroyalty of New Spain 1541-1542 Ink and color on paper This book has the information about the Ancient Azetcs. They found their land based on an eagle, where the eagle stopped that's where they would mark the spot to settle. The eagle stopped in a city with a cactus, modern day Mexico City Eagle is very significant Narrative: A battle between the Spanish and the indigenous people This is like hieroglyphics This book was sent back to Europe to record new culture from the Americas

a book that holds culture

Rome, Italy Architect and Artists: Giacomo a Vignola (Architect), Giacomo della Porta (Facade), and Giovanni Battista Gaulli (Ceiling Fresco Artist) Church: 16th Century Facade: 1568-1584 Medium: Brick, marble, fresco, and stucco 11 Gesu: Style: Chronologically and stylistically, II Gesu belongs to the late Renaissance, but its enormous influence on later church marks it as one of the significant moments for the development of Italian Baroque church architecture (especially the ceiling- great example of Baroque ornamentation- Renaissance churches are more simple and Protestant) Interpretation: Mother church of Jesuit order- founded by St.Ignatius of Loyola as a center of the Jesuits. Church became St.Ignatius' final resting place, making it an important shrine for pilgrims til this day Significance: Plays a pivotal role in the Counter-Reformation: allowed the church to create shrines like the tomb of St.Ignatius and the over-the-top decoration that characterizes this period, which were designed to inspire awe at the magnificence of the Catholic Church. First truly Baroque Facade. Characteristics: vertical and horizontal lines and scrolls flanking its upper order became standard in the newly emerging Baroque era Triumph of Name of Jesus: Artist: Giovanni Battista Gaulli Fresco and Stucco Figures 1676-1679 Medium: Ceiling fresco with painted figures on stucco extensions that project outside the painting's frame (stucco sculptures and dimension) Style: Banquo. Grandeur appeals to the senses, drama, and movement Interpretation: Ultimate illusionistic Baroque ceiling of the period- gives illusion that it opens up to the heavens (salvation is attainable). Last Judgement painting Significant: 1. Baroque techniques such as movement, bright colors, emotion, and the contrasting of light and dark serve as propaganda tool and help to differentiate from Catholic art 2. It uses art to incorporate drama, magnificence, and spirituality into daily prayer 3. Serves as a teaching tool in its focus on the contrast between sin and heresy in opposition to the veneration of the name of Jesus and the Catholic faith

Time Period: Northern Renaissance (16th Century) 1565 C.E. Artist: Pieter Bruegel the Elder Medium: Oil on wood Location: Netherlands Style: Norther Renaissance (Flemish Mannerism). Influenced by Virgil Georgics (29 B.C.E) by the notion of people doing daily routines Interpretation: Communicates to winter and expresses a cold atmosphere. Hunters returning from a hunt with their dogs, seems as if the hunters didn't catch much. It is a meager catch, only one rabbit hanging from the back of a hunter. Trudging through deep snow filled landscape. The hunters have a melancholic, unsuccessful, and tired feel but, going down the steep hill there is a "playful" winter Significance: Coloration and composition Series of paintings Landscape more important than the figures Everyday figures Season scenes

Artist: Caravaggio Rome, Italy 1597-1601 Italian Baroque Oil on canvas Made for the Contarelli Chapel Style: Baroque Italian influence because of the way the people are dressed. Jesus' hand gesture refers to Adam's hand gesture in the Sistine Chapel Interoperation: Everyone is reacting to Jesus saying that someone is going to betray him. Jesus calling Matthew to be one of his disciples Significance: Take a naturalistic approach to Baroque. Caravaggio is known for a technique called tenebrous (a dramatic change in lighting). It shows movement of the hands

Artist: Peter Paul Rubens 1622-1625 17th Century Netherlands Oil on Canvas Style: International Baroque style(dramatic motion/ emotion, dramatic color, overlapping, and extravagant setting) mostly Italian influences Interpretation: Henri IV's betrothal to Marie de Medici as a union ordained by the gods, because the Medici were an important Italian family (political) Significance: Marie was tied to mythology to look more powerful and majestic than she really was in a series of paintings by the rubens (propagandistic)

Artist: Rembrandt Van Rijin 1636 Etching Realism No lines, outlines Linear Drawing Blurry/Foggy Edges Light-energy Flat-Loose

Rome, Italy Architect: Francess Borromini 1638-1646 Medium: Stone and Stucco Roman Influence Baroque Style: Grandeur (elaborate ornamentation) and Classicism Baroque Architectural Characteristics: 1. Alternating convex and concave patterns in the facade (emphasis on the center of the facade with wave like forms that accentuate the entrance) 2. The elaborate and granular architecture represents the imperial or papal achievements of their patrons- representing their power and wealthy Significance: It is the ideal representation of baroque architecture

Artist: Gianlorenzo Bernini 1647-1652 Rome, italy Medium: Sculpture-marble; Chapel- stucco and guilt Interpretation: Saint Teresa's diary where she tells her visions of God. These visions involved an angel descending with an arrow and plunging into her. On her left there is an angel holding a golden spear. In the iron tip, there is a fire that is being plunged into her heart multiple times. As the iron tip is being pulled out, she is overwhelmed with God's love. This shows that she is consumed by God's love. Style: Bernini combines his love for theater with religion Significance: It was created during the Counter Reformation, which was a time that northern Protestants were rebelling against the Catholic Church. Even though baroque art is meant to appeal to the rational mind, the Ecstasy of Saint Teresa's primary focus is on the spiritual awakening

Artist: Master of Calamarca 17th Century Oil on canvas From Bolivia Very European, European Influence Depicting angels and Aristocrats

Diego Belazquez 1656 C.E. Oil on Canvas Mexico Head painter fit the King of Spain Meninas are the helpers of the princess Informal setting, genre scene for the royal family Depicts social illusion Realistic Painterly: See brush strokes

Artist: Johannes Vermeer 1664 Oil on Canvas Analyzes light, and how you can paint truly realistically Realism beyond standard, more scientific

Versailles,France Architects: Louis Le Vau and Jules Hardouin- Mansart 1669 C.E. Medium: Architecture- masonry stone, wood, iron, and gold leaf; Sculptures- Marble and Bronze; gardens Commissioned by Louis 14, the sun king A lot of gold (depicts positive and divine things) and exposed sun light (shinny) Monumental scale French Baroque Significance: The formal aesthetic of the palace meant to glorify France and shower the power and greatness of the self-proclaimed "Sun King" to Louis XIV

Circle of the Gonzalez Family 1697-1701 Tempera and resin on wood, shell inly Mexican Art piece Japanesse influence in Mexico Philippines and Spain trade ivory, big screens and black lacquer Japanese landscape and floral objects Expensive Owned by the Viceroy, the King Battle Scene: Chaotic scene Hasberg vs. Turks Mexico in between the exchanges of Spain and Japan Style: Spanish Colonial, shell in crusted Biombo (oil and mother of pearl) Floral Motifs frame the battle scene Political use- expression of the viceroy's power Hunting Scene: Typically viewed by women Tapestry of Medici, print- France Black Laquere top and bottom finish was a trend in Mexico Enconchado- shell inlay

folding screen

Miguel Gonzalez 1698 C.E. Based on the Original Virgin of Guadalupe Basilica of Guadalupe, Mexico City 16th Century C.E. Oil on Canvas on wood, inlaid with mother-of-pearl Virgin of Guadalupe,Juan Diego as angles how he was asked her to build a chapel. The pope denied his request, then she told him to get roses and take them to the pope. When Juan Diego went back the Virgin's handprint was on his garment, and the Pope believed him. She is known for having darker tones The other Virgins have an almond shape, some have a same story and some do not

Rachel Ruysch Netherlands 1711 C.E. Oil on Wood In the Netherlands, artists specialized in types of paintings. Ruysch specialized in still life paintings. Style: 1. Genre- still life painting, vatinas (vanity in latin). Paint the joys of life to be reminded that it is all temporary, we are mortal. Has a mortal message. 2. It has a Northern Renaissance influence, characteristic of containing heavy symbolism and deeper meanings in art pieces 3. Things that decay represent mortality Interpretation: The subject is the autumn, it represents the harvest. Ruysch depicts fruits and vegetables that are harvested in the fall such as corn, squash, and chestnuts. The inclusion of wheat and grapes are symbolic of the sacrament of Eucharist (Northern Renaissance Influence). It also represents life in general: everything depends on something to sustain life Significance: It has a detailed study of insects and fruits. A woman has presented this subject matter in a scientifically accurate way with emotional overtones. Temporary Christian Status

Attributed to Juan Rodriguez Juarez 1715 C.E. Oil on canvas Pinturas de Castas: Cast Paintings. They tell you your social system. Indicates what generation mix your in

William Hograth 1743 C.E. Oil on Canvas Narrative: The woman gives up, the man looks drunk like he just had an affair. The dog is smelling the perfume of another woman

Describes art that is bizarre and break rules of proportions established in the Renaissance 1600-1750 Characteristics of Italian and Spanish Baroque: 1. Obvious and dramatic motion/emotion 2. Draws viewer into the scene 3. Extravagant settings and detail that overlaps 4. Dramatic use of color and light Themes: Martyrdom, death, intensity, ecstasies, and conversions

1545-1563 Ecumenical Council prompted by Protestant Reformation What it Changed: 1. Guidelines for religious art 2. Clarity, realism, emotional drama, dogmatic instruction 3. Prohibited nudity 4. Fidelity to the Church

Characteristics: 1. Simpler, very direct, and clear composition 2. Aroused religious feeling 3. Stressed the image of one true Church 4. Catholic Dogmatic Images (crucifixion, and annunciation) 5. Guidelines for artwork/icons of Virgin Mary and Saint art should encourage faith and loyalty to the Church Purpose: To go against the art of the Protestant Reformation and attract Catholic audience

Albercht Durer 1504 C.E. Engraving Italian Influence Print-easily distributed

Jacopo da Pontormo 1525-1528 C.E. Oil on wood Mannerism Hard and/or smooth pictorial surfaces unusual color choices Unsettling spatial solutions Mixture of depth and flatness Unclear narratives

Lucas Cranach the elder 1530 C.E. Woodcut and ltterpress Left Side: Protest running from judgement day Negative

Artist: Grunewald Located: Germany Medium: Oil on wood 1512-1516/ High Renaissance and Mannerisms in Northern Europe and Spain Style: Had medieval influence depicting religious subject using hierarchy of scale and distortion or stylization of the bodies. Suffering and wants to communicate agony that comes from skin diseases. Devotional piece that has emotion, which is strange for Germany. Elaborate with different layers and 3D. Object of Devotion in an Isenheim hospital built by the brothers of Saint Anthony who was suffering from skin diseases Interpretation: Gives religious scenes with emotional intensity. Themes of pain, illness, and death, as well as those of hope, comfort, and salvation Significance: Not following standards of Northern renaissance. Doesn't follow regional tradition. Grunewald uses emotion that Italians use. It has all these layers which is unusual.