*Isenheim Altarpiece (closed)* *Matthias Grunewald* Isenheim, Germany 1510-1515 Oil on panel 16th Century Northern European Suffering Christ. St. Sebastian on left pierced by arrows. Lamb holding cross bleeding into a cup. Predella with lamentation. When slid open, it looks like Christ was amputated because of gangrene. Images of healing and suffering.
*Isenheim Altarpiece (closed)* *Matthias Grunewald* Isenheim, Germany 1510-1515 Oil on panel 16th Century Northern European Suffering Christ. St. Sebastian on left pierced by arrows. Lamb holding cross bleeding into a cup. Predella with lamentation. When slid open, it looks like Christ was amputated because of gangrene. Images of healing and suffering.
*Isenheim Altarpiece (open)* *Matthias Grunewald* Isenheim, Germany 1510-1515 Oil on panel 16th Century Northern European St. Anthony on left with St. Paul sitting with medicinal plant. On right, tortured by 5 temptations. Guy covered in boils has ergotism. Message of salvation and hope. Christ and disciples on bottom. St. Jerome, Augustine, Anthony in middle.
*Isenheim Altarpiece (open)* *Matthias Grunewald* Isenheim, Germany 1510-1515 Oil on panel 16th Century Northern European St. Anthony on left with St. Paul sitting with medicinal plant. On right, tortured by 5 temptations. Guy covered in boils has ergotism. Message of salvation and hope. Christ and disciples on bottom. St. Jerome, Augustine, Anthony in middle.
*Allegory of Law and Grace* *Lucas Cranach* 1530 Woodcut 16th Century Northern European Judgement on left. Skeleton poking a Catholic into hell. Moses with ten commandments. Right shows sinner being forgiven with the Grace of God shining down.
*Allegory of Law and Grace* *Lucas Cranach* 1530 Woodcut 16th Century Northern European Judgement on left. Skeleton poking a Catholic into hell. Moses with ten commandments. Right shows sinner being forgiven with the Grace of God shining down.
*Last Supper* *Albrecht Dürer* 1523 Woodcut 16th Century Northern European 11 disciples, Judas is gone. Sorrow after betrayal. Bread and wine in corner. Empty plate commemorates Jesus's sacrifice. Signs painting with date. Cross-hatching for darkness.
*Last Supper* *Albrecht Dürer* 1523 Woodcut 16th Century Northern European 11 disciples, Judas is gone. Sorrow after betrayal. Bread and wine in corner. Empty plate commemorates Jesus's sacrifice. Signs painting with date. Cross-hatching for darkness.
*Four Apostles* *Albrecht Dürer* 1526 Oil on panel 16th Century Northern European On left, John showing Peter the Bible, saying it is more important than the Church. Mark with scroll. Pul sith sword. Peter with Keys to the Kingdom. They represent the 4 humors (Sanguine, phlegmatic, choleric, melancholin).
*Four Apostles* *Albrecht Dürer* 1526 Oil on panel 16th Century Northern European On left, John showing Peter the Bible, saying it is more important than the Church. Mark with scroll. Pul sith sword. Peter with Keys to the Kingdom. They represent the 4 humors (Sanguine, phlegmatic, choleric, melancholin).
*Phillipp Melanchthon* *Albrecht Dürer* 1526 Engraving 16th Century Northern European Melanchthon is famous for reforming the education system in Germany. Tries to capture character. Refers to his intellect. Theory that eye is a window into the soul.
*Phillipp Melanchthon* *Albrecht Dürer* 1526 Engraving 16th Century Northern European Melanchthon is famous for reforming the education system in Germany. Tries to capture character. Refers to his intellect. Theory that eye is a window into the soul.
*The Fall of Man* *Albrecht Dürer* 1504 Engraving 16th Century Northern European Genesis. Adam based on Apollo Belvedere. Eve based on Medici Venus. 1504 concept of perfect male and female figures. 4 Humors in cat, elk, ox, rabbit. Cat and mouse tension echoes Adam and Eve tension with snake
*The Fall of Man* *Albrecht Dürer* 1504 Engraving 16th Century Northern European Genesis. Adam based on Apollo Belvedere. Eve based on Medici Venus. 1504 concept of perfect male and female figures. 4 Humors in cat, elk, ox, rabbit. Cat and mouse tension echoes Adam and Eve tension with snake
*The Great Piece of Turf* *Albrecht Dürer* 1503 Watercolor 16th Century Northern European Allegory. So accurate that a botanist can delineate species.
*The Great Piece of Turf* *Albrecht Dürer* 1503 Watercolor 16th Century Northern European Allegory. So accurate that a botanist can delineate species.
*Knight, Death, and the Devil* *Albrecht Dürer* 1513 Engraving 16th Century Northern European Based on Donatello's Gattamelata and Verrochio's Bartolomeo Colleoni. Based on Leonardo's sketches. Followed by his faithful retriever. Christian soldier. Death is old man in back. Horned creature is the Devil. Shows exceptional use of line.
*Knight, Death, and the Devil* *Albrecht Dürer* 1513 Engraving 16th Century Northern European Based on Donatello's Gattamelata and Verrochio's Bartolomeo Colleoni. Based on Leonardo's sketches. Followed by his faithful retriever. Christian soldier. Death is old man in back. Horned creature is the Devil. Shows exceptional use of line.
*The Battle of Issus* *Albrecht Altdorfer* 1529 Oil on panel 16th Century Northern European Alexander vs Darius I in 333 BC. Comissioned by Wilhelm IV of Bavaria for a comapaign against invading Turks. Aerilal view. Alexander is known as the Sun God. Sun on right. Crescent moon of Islam on left.
*The Battle of Issus* *Albrecht Altdorfer* 1529 Oil on panel 16th Century Northern European Alexander vs Darius I in 333 BC. Comissioned by Wilhelm IV of Bavaria for a comapaign against invading Turks. Aerilal view. Alexander is known as the Sun God. Sun on right. Crescent moon of Islam on left.
*The French Ambassadors* *Hans Hobein the Younger* 1533 Oil and tempera on panel 16th Century Northern European Reflects Northern realism. Italian ideas on sculptural form. Moved to England. Two men are Denteville nad Selves. Humanist stuff on tables. Adds elements of memento mori. SKull on Denteville's hat. Anamorphic skull could be symbol of death and redemption or could be Holbein's signature.
*The French Ambassadors* *Hans Hobein the Younger* 1533 Oil and tempera on panel 16th Century Northern European Reflects Northern realism. Italian ideas on sculptural form. Moved to England. Two men are Denteville nad Selves. Humanist stuff on tables. Adds elements of memento mori. SKull on Denteville's hat. Anamorphic skull could be symbol of death and redemption or could be Holbein's signature.
*Francis I* *Jean Clouet* 1525-1530 Oil and tempera on panel 16th Century French Strange neck. Illusionism becomes secondary.
*Francis I* *Jean Clouet* 1525-1530 Oil and tempera on panel 16th Century French Strange neck. Illusionism becomes secondary.
*Gallery of King Francis I* *Rosso Fiorentino and Francesco Primaticcio* Fontainebleau, France 1530-1540 Sculpture and painting 16th Century French Abrupt changes in scale and texture. Mannerist. Francis's Palace. School of Fontainebleau.
*Gallery of King Francis I* *Rosso Fiorentino and Francesco Primaticcio* Fontainebleau, France 1530-1540 Sculpture and painting 16th Century French Abrupt changes in scale and texture. Mannerist. Francis's Palace. School of Fontainebleau.
*Chateau de Chambord* Chambord, France begun 1519 A chateau is a hunting lodge. Completed under Henry II's reign.
*Chateau de Chambord* Chambord, France begun 1519 A chateau is a hunting lodge. Completed under Henry II's reign.
*West facade of the Square Court of the Louvre* *Pierre Lescot and Jean Goujon* Paris, France 1546 Paragon of Italian Renaissance architecture in France. 3 stories with engaged pilasters and capitals. Cornice. Steep, triangular roof. Jean Goujon did 3 rounded rectangles, portruding from wall = pavillions. Niches in sculpture are French.
*West facade of the Square Court of the Louvre* *Pierre Lescot and Jean Goujon* Paris, France 1546 Paragon of Italian Renaissance architecture in France. 3 stories with engaged pilasters and capitals. Cornice. Steep, triangular roof. Jean Goujon did 3 rounded rectangles, portruding from wall = pavillions. Niches in sculpture are French.
*Nymphs* *Jean Goujon* Paris, France 1548-1549 Marble reliefs 16th Century French Torn off of the Fountain of the Innocents. Near vases of water. Figura serpintinata - Mannerist poses. Reminiscent of Nike adjusting sandals. Greek wet shirt contest.
*Nymphs* *Jean Goujon* Paris, France 1548-1549 Marble reliefs 16th Century French Torn off of the Fountain of the Innocents. Near vases of water. Figura serpintinata - Mannerist poses. Reminiscent of Nike adjusting sandals. Greek wet shirt contest.
*Neptune and Amphitrite* *Jan Gossaert* 1516 Oil on panel 16th Century Dutch Clearly influenced by Dürer's Fall of Man. Contrapposto. Huge. Egg and dart colums. Bucrania - ox skull decoration. Classical elements in background.
*Neptune and Amphitrite* *Jan Gossaert* 1516 Oil on panel 16th Century Dutch Clearly influenced by Dürer's Fall of Man. Contrapposto. Huge. Egg and dart colums. Bucrania - ox skull decoration. Classical elements in background.
*Money-Changer and His Wife* *Quinten Massys* 1514 Oil on Panel 16th Century Dutch Similar to Petrus Christus's The Goldsmith in His Shop. Balancing scales is a reference to St. Michael the Archangel. Wife paging through prayer book. Two old men gossiping suggests the idleness of gossip. Convex mirror shows man looking in prayer book near church.
*Money-Changer and His Wife* *Quinten Massys* 1514 Oil on Panel 16th Century Dutch Similar to Petrus Christus's The Goldsmith in His Shop. Balancing scales is a reference to St. Michael the Archangel. Wife paging through prayer book. Two old men gossiping suggests the idleness of gossip. Convex mirror shows man looking in prayer book near church.
*Meat Still-Life* *Pieter Aertsen* 1551 Oil on panel 16th Century Dutch Momento mori. 2 crossed fish are a symbol of Jesus. Pretzels are eaten during lent. Mary on donkey holding Christ on left. Man on mussel shells which is a symbol of afrodisiac. Man with woman in tavern, probably a prostitute.
*Meat Still-Life* *Pieter Aertsen* 1551 Oil on panel 16th Century Dutch Momento mori. 2 crossed fish are a symbol of Jesus. Pretzels are eaten during lent. Mary on donkey holding Christ on left. Man on mussel shells which is a symbol of afrodisiac. Man with woman in tavern, probably a prostitute.
*Self-portrait* *Caterina van Hemessen* 1548 Panel 16th Century Dutch Holding maul stick to paint. Painting self-portrait. Weird face shape. Pale shitty face.
*Self-portrait* *Caterina van Hemessen* 1548 Panel 16th Century Dutch Holding maul stick to paint. Painting self-portrait. Weird face shape. Pale shitty face.
*Landscape with Saint Jerome* *Joachim Patinir* 1520-1524 Oil on panel 16th Century Dutch Good landscape painter. St. Jerome removing thorn. Crucifix and skull. Bluer background, warmer colors in foreground.
*Landscape with Saint Jerome* *Joachim Patinir* 1520-1524 Oil on panel 16th Century Dutch Good landscape painter. St. Jerome removing thorn. Crucifix and skull. Bluer background, warmer colors in foreground.
*Hunters in the Snow* *Pieter Bruegel the Elder* 1565 Oil on panel 16th Century Dutch 1 of five existing of six paintings by Bruegel showing seasonal changes. 2 hunters returning with weary dogs.
*Hunters in the Snow* *Pieter Bruegel the Elder* 1565 Oil on panel 16th Century Dutch 1 of five existing of six paintings by Bruegel showing seasonal changes. 2 hunters returning with weary dogs.
*Netherlandish Proverbs* *Pieter Bruegel the Elder* 1559 Oil on panel 16th Century Dutch Literal illustrations of proverbs. Lots of meanings are lost. Man beats head against wall showing an ambitious idiot. Person defecating on globe. Woman in red putting blue gown on her husband.
*Netherlandish Proverbs* *Pieter Bruegel the Elder* 1559 Oil on panel 16th Century Dutch Literal illustrations of proverbs. Lots of meanings are lost. Man beats head against wall showing an ambitious idiot. Person defecating on globe. Woman in red putting blue gown on her husband.
*Portal of Colegio de San Gregorio* Valladoid, Spain 1498 16th Century Spanish Plateresque Gothic. Huge pomegranate tree in middle is a symbol of Granada. Coat of arms of Ferdinand e Isabella. Ogival arches. Ogee in middle.
*Portal of Colegio de San Gregorio* Valladoid, Spain 1498 16th Century Spanish Plateresque Gothic. Huge pomegranate tree in middle is a symbol of Granada. Coat of arms of Ferdinand e Isabella. Ogival arches. Ogee in middle.
*Courtyard of the palace of Charles V, Alhambra* *Pedro Machuca* Granada, Spain 1526-1568 16th Century Spanish Very Classical. Influenced by Tempietto. Doric supporting entablature, Ionic above.
*Courtyard of the palace of Charles V, Alhambra* *Pedro Machuca* Granada, Spain 1526-1568 16th Century Spanish Very Classical. Influenced by Tempietto. Doric supporting entablature, Ionic above.
*Escorial* *Juan de Herrera* Madrid, Spain 1563-1584 16th Century Spanish Wanted a more streamlined palace. Mausoleum, monastery, church, palace. 3 entryways, Italian pediments. Grid-like. Massive church in middle. Grid commemorates gridiron where St. Lawrence was martyred.
*Escorial* *Juan de Herrera* Madrid, Spain 1563-1584 16th Century Spanish Wanted a more streamlined palace. Mausoleum, monastery, church, palace. 3 entryways, Italian pediments. Grid-like. Massive church in middle. Grid commemorates gridiron where St. Lawrence was martyred.
*The Burial of Count Orgaz* *El Greco* Toledo, Spain 1586 Oil on canvas 16th Century Spanish Dead Orgaz. St. Steven and Augustine burrying him. Picture of martyrdom on robes. El Greco above St. Steven, shows of portraiture, angel taking soul to heaven. Mary to Jesus's left. St. John the Baptist in front of Jesus. Tintoretto influence. Spanis Mannerist-ish.
*The Burial of Count Orgaz* *El Greco* Toledo, Spain 1586 Oil on canvas 16th Century Spanish Dead Orgaz. St. Steven and Augustine burrying him. Picture of martyrdom on robes. El Greco above St. Steven, shows of portraiture, angel taking soul to heaven. Mary to Jesus's left. St. John the Baptist in front of Jesus. Tintoretto influence. Spanis Mannerist-ish.