Ap Art History Art of Near East and Egypt

Period: Unit 2 Ancient Mediterranean Medium: Gypsum inlaid with shell and black limestone Artist: Unknown Patron: Unknown Date: 2700 B.C.E Location: Sumeria Form: Stylized structure, Function: To take the place of a person to worship in the eyes of the gods Content: Massive eyes and beard on the male figure Context: Polytheistic Sumerian culture which lived in fear and respect of its deities

Period: Unit 2 Ancient Mediterranean Medium: Wood inlaid with shell, lapis lazuli, and red limestone Artist: Unknown Patron: Unknown Date 2600-2400 B.C.E Location: Sumeria Form: Twisted perspective, Stylized depiciton of society and warfare Function: believed to have been used as a battle standard to be carried into war Content: A beautiful depiction of Sumerian social class during peace and the depiction of Sumerian warfare Context: Polytheistic culture with a defined and rigid set of social views and caste system

Period:Unit 2 Ancient Mediterranean Medium: Black Basalt Artist Unknown Patron: Unknown Date:1792-1750 B.C.E. Location: Babylon Form: Twisted perspective and stylized form of the king and the god in the picture Function: Depicts the divine right given to Hammurabi as he creates his code of law Content: Hammurabi is depicted receiving the laws from one who we can assume is a deity due to his horned headdress, Hammurabi is depicted as being around the same height as the deity Context: Polytheistic civilization with one monarch, Hammurabi, who was born with "divine right" to rule

Period: Unit 2 Ancient Mediterranean Medium: Alabaster Artist: Unknown Patron: Unknown Date: 720-705 B.C.E Location: Dur Sharrukin Form: Stylized, patterned beards, horned headdress Function: used as guardian figures within cities. Content: Human animal mixture, wears a horned headdress which was synonymous with deities Context: Polytheistic culture with an emphasis on the monarchy, and animals.

Period: Unit 2 Ancient Mediterranean Medium: Mud Brick Artist: Unknown Patron: Unknown Date: 3500-3000 B.C.E Location: Uruk Form: Massive size, lots of straight lines and rectangles Function: A massive base for a temple. Built this way as a "stairway to heaven" Content: Temple and terrace for indoor and outdoor rituals Context: Polytheistic civilization with the temples focus being on the deity Anu who was the sky god

Period: Unit 2 Ancient Mediterranean Medium: Limestone Artist: Unknown Patron: Darius and Xerxes Date: 520-465 B.C.E Location: Persepolis Form: Lots of relief sculptures, built in a massive way to dwarf viewers Function: For state sponsored festivals, receptions and ceremonies Content: Lamassu gates, stylized scenes taking place, Context: Built by King Darius and Xerxes of the Persian empire which was a very wealthy and dominant power until Alexander the Great dismantled the empire and destroyed the hall.

Period: Unit 2 Ancient Mediterranean Medium: Greywacke Artist: Unknown Patron: Pharaoh Namar Date: 3000-2920 B.C.E Location: Egypt Form: Twisted perspective, a fair amount of negative space Function: Used as a palette by King Namar, to put on make up for rituals and festivals Content: Scenes of Namars unification of Egypt, depictions of the gods in their animal forms, such as Horus in the shape of a falcon Context: Historical depiction of King Namars unification of Egypt by those under King Namar, as such it depicts a very glorious and divine scene

Period: Unit 2 Ancient Mediterranean Medium: Painted Limestone Artist: Unknown Patron: Unknown Scribe Date: 2620-2500 B.C.E Location: Saqqara, Egypt Form: Negative space, very realistic for the ancient Egyptians Function: To be placed in a tomb to represent the scribe in the afterlife Content: A attentive face with a less than athletic body, papyrus scroll is at the ready for the limestone scribe to write Context: Ancient Egyptian culture was based heavily on the afterlife and death, as such those higher up on the social scale, such as the literate scribes, would create images of themselves for the journey into the afterlife

Period: Unit 2 Ancient Mediterranean Medium: Greywacke Artist: Unknown Patron: Pharaoh Menkaure Date: 2490-2472 B.C.E Location: Giza, Egypt Form: Idealized body, commanding, authoritative position taken by the Pharaoh Menkaure. Function: To be placed in the tomb of King Menkaure as a representation of his young idealized form Content: Authoritative pharaoh Menkaure puts his foot forward, whilst his wife stands in a subordinate position Context: Ancient Egyptians depicted Pharaohs as living gods, as such they were usually put in commanding leading positions. In addition, ancient Egypt was a patriarchal society as such males would be depicted as dominant over females

Period: Unit 2 Ancient Mediterranean Medium: Limestone Artist: Unknown Patron: Akhentaten Date: 1353-1335 B.C.E Location: Egypt Form: Lots of curved and flat lines emphasis on the sun disk and its rays Function:Used to depict the change in Egypt as it enters the Amarna period under Akhenaten Content: Akhenaten and his wife Nefertiti sit equal to each other whilst playing with their children underneath the sun disk god Aten Context: During the Amarna period under Akhenaten a major change occurred as Akhenaten depicted himself as a normal human being as opposed to the divine pharaohs of the past.

Period: Unit 2 Ancient Mediterranean Medium: Gold with inlay of enamel and semiprecious stones Artist: Unknown Patron: Pharaoh Tutankhamen Date: 1323 B.C.E Location: Egypt Form: Lots of straight lines, various colors and shapes Function: The sarcophagus that contained the Pharaoh Tutankhamen following his death and burial Content: Depicted with the symbols of the Pharaoh such as the crook, flail, the fake beard, the headdress. Context: Ancient Egyptian emphasis on death and the afterlife lead to tombs and sarcophagus's to become extravagant affairs where they would be worshiped following death by cults.

Period: Unit 2 Ancient Mediterranean Medium: Cut Limestone Artist: Unknown Patrons: Menkaure, Khafre, Khufu Date: 2550-2490 B.C.E Location: Giza, Egypt Form: Built pointing towards the sun, Massive structures 450ft high Function: To be used as a resting place for the deceased Pharaohs Menkaure, Khafre, and Khufu Content: Placed in the valley of Kings on the west of the Nile, which was considered the land of death as the sun sets on the west Context: Egyptian emphasis on death and the afterlife lead many Pharaohs to construct massive works of art for their journey into the land of the dead

Period: Unit 2 Ancient Mediterranean Medium: Cut Sandstone and Mud Block Artist: Unknown Patron: Unknown Date: 1550-1250 B.C.E Location Karnak, Egypt Form: Large columns on the inside with smaller columns on the outside Function: A place to keep records of ancient wars and battles for the Egyptians Content: Outer walls depict the wars fought by Seti, whilst the inner walls depict the peace treaty created by Ramses II Context: Took a long time for the Egyptians to finish spanning many different Pharaohs

Period: Unit 2 Ancient Mediterranean Medium: Sandstone Artist: Unknown Patron: Hatshepsut Date: 1473-1458 Location: Luxor, Egypt Form: axial, and symetrical layout Function: Used as a sight of worship for the deceased pharaoh Hatshepsut Content: A garden area followed by a temple dedicated to the cult of Hatshepsut Context: Ancient Egyptians continued to create cults and would worship dead pharaohs to help with their travel into the afterlife

Period: Unit 2 Ancient Mediterranean Medium: Painted Papyrus Scroll Artist: Unknown Patron: Hu-Nefer Date: 1275 B.C.E Location: Hu-Nefer's Tomb Form: Twisted profile of Hu-Nefer and gods Function: Used as a guide for the afterlife for the scribe Hu-Nefer Content: Hu-Nefer being lead, introduced, and talking to multiple gods. Some of these gods include Horus, Anubis, Thoth, and Osiris Context: Ancient Egyptian focus on the afterlife lead to the creation of many "books of the dead" to help depict the path the wealthy would take into the afterlife