AP Art History Architecture Study Guide

Designed by Imhotep, first recorded artist in history. Build during Old Kingdom of Egypt. A tomb. Protects Djoser's mummy and symbolizes his power. Interior columns are first columns in history.

New Kingdom of Egypt, tomb of Queen Hatchepsut. Mummy believed to be hidden somewhere other than the tomb to be preserved from her enemies.

Commissioned by Pericles, Greek. Part of massive building project on the Acropolis. Doric temple design by Iktinos and Kallikrates. Sculpture by Phidias. Used to house huge statue of Athena, dedicated to Athena. Doric metopes and Ionic frieze of Panatheic Procession.

Imperial Rome, relief sculptures of Roman military victories. Shows Romans carrying seven-branched menorah from the Temple in Jerusalem. Figures representing victory (Nike). Used as model for L'Arc de Triomphe in Paris.

Used to be topped by Trajan, now St. Peter. Depicts story of the Dacian War. Before and after battle, little combat. Continuous narrative that starts on bottom and spirals to top. Ashes of Trajan in the base.

Roman temple dedicated to all Gods. Dome's weight lessened through coffers and sunken decorative panels. Oculus lets light in. Influenced Palladio.

Byzantine, under Emperor Justinian. Central plan. Contains Byzantine mosaics of Emperor Justinian and his wife, Theodora. Influenced design of Palatine Chapel of Charlemagne.

Byzantine. Greek cross plan, with dome.

Islamic, in Jerusalem. Exterior and interior highly decorated. Animals and people never portrayed. Site of Adam's remains, Abraham prepared to sacrifice his son, where Mohammed ascended into heaven.

France, Romanesque style. Rounded arches, and second floor gallery. Crucifix form with radiating chapels from apse and transept. Side aisles for relic worshipers. Ribbed barrel vaults. Circular window eventually becomes rose window. Interior arcades.

Italian Baroque, by Bramante.

Italian baroque. Designed by Bramante, Michelangelo, and Maderno. Pope Julius II ordered Old St. Peter's be rebuilt. Where St. Peter was said to have been martyred. Doric columns, and huge colonnade. On Capital Hill, Rome.

Italian Baroque, by Palladio. A country villa with heavy influence from Roman architecture (the statues of the roof, balustrade). Influenced Neoclassical architects, inspired Palladian revival.

Christopher Wren, English Baroque. Rebuilt after fire in London. Greco-Roman influence in statues, columns, and pediment.

French Baroque, designed by Le Brun. Lines of garden point towards the King's bedroom. Gardens contain follies and fake ruins. Hall of Mirrors displays wealth (mirrors difficult to make during time period).

By Joseph Paxton, Historicism. Built for the Great Exhibition of 1851. Pre-fabricated from glass and wrought iron. Taken down after exhibition, eventually destroyed in a fire.

Henri Labrouste, Historicism. In Renaissance-revival style. Uses cast iron in ceiling and as columns.

Gustave Eiffel, Historicism. 82 stories high, at the time, the tallest building in the world. Entrance over the Paris Exhibition of 1889. Meant to last only 20 years but turned into a radio antennae after exhibition.

By Sullivan, modern. Large windows and clear geometry, hallmark of Chicago style of architecture. Highly detailed ornamentation considered as part of "function" Sullivan's motto of "form follows function" because details would attract people to the store. Art Nouveau style detail. Rounded corner and entrance.

Gaudi, in Barcelona Spain. Art Nouveau style. Few straight lines, wrought iron railings, Moorish architecture styles, and cave-like entrance.

Frank Lloyd Wright, Prairie Style. Follows Wright's style of making a building part of it's environment. Uses cantilevers, rooms grouped around central fireplace. Water runs underneath the house. Furniture designed specifically for the house.

Frank Gehry, Post-Modernism. Meant to resemble a boat. In Bilbao, Spain.