American History Chapters 1-7

a term coined by british statesman edmund burke regarding the english colonies; idea that the colonies benefited by being left alone, without too much british interference

a proclamation from the british government which forbade british colonists from settling west of the appalacian mountains, and which required any settlers already living west of the mountains to move back east.

was a war fought by french and english on american soil over control of the ohio river valley-- english defeated french in1763. historical significance: established england as number one world power and began to gradually change attitudes of the colonists toward england for the worse

a member of the sons of liberty who started the committee of correspondence to stir public support for american independence. member of the first and second continental congress, signed the declaration of independence, and served as governor of massachusetts. he was very supportive of a revolution.

1763 - an indian uprising after the french and indian war, led by an ottowa chief named pontiac. they opposed british expansion into the western ohio valley and began destroying british forts in the area. the attacks ended when pontiac was killed.

the concept that political power rests with the people who can create, alter, and abolish government. people express themselves through voting and free participation in government

place where washington's army spent the winter of 1777-1778, a 4th of troops died here from disease and malnutriton, steuben comes and trains troops

laws passed in 1767 that taxed goods such as glass, paper, paint, lead, and tea

american revolutionary leader and signer of the declaration of independence and the articles of confederation and the united states constitution (1721-1793). he helped draft the great compromise that determined how states would be represented in congress.

attorney general

passed by federalists making it harder to become citizens and to deport any immigrant deemed dangerous. the second one outlawed the writing, speaking, or publications of false, scandalous, or malicious statements against the government.

the 1803 case in which chief justice john marshall and his associates first asserted the right of the supreme court to determine the meaning of the u.s. constitution. the decision established the court's power of judicial review over acts of congress, (the judiciary act of 1789).

treaty that ended the war of 1812

failed slave rebellion in which a slave preacher tried to organize a group of a thousand slaves to revolt

baltimore, site of a key battle in the war of 1812, about which the star spangled banner was written

the right of the supreme court to determine if a law violates the constitution

powers specifically given to the federal government by the us constitution, for example, the authority to print money.

the prophet; inspired a religious revival that spread through many tribes and united them; killed by harrison at battle of tippecanoe

a member of congress who wanted war with britain before the war of 1812

american inventor who designed the first commercially successful steamboat and the first steam warship (1765-1815)

emotional gatherings where people came together to hear sermons and declare their faith

the practice of forcing people into service. british ships would stop american vessels and impress american sailors. this led to americans becoming extremely angry and eager for war with britain.

plan proposed by benjamin franklin in 1754 that aimed to unite the 13 colonies for trade, military, and other purposes; the plan was turned down by the colonies and the crown

still pledge loyalty to king george iii but are still asking britain to respect the rights and liberties of the colonies, repeal oppressive legislation, and british troops out of the colonies; george 3 didn't want anything to do with them and declared all colonies in a state of rebellion

meeting of representatives from every colong except georgia held in philadelphia in 1774 to discuss actions to take in response to the intolerable acts

a series of laws set up by parliament to punish massachusetts for its protests against the british

an implicit agreement among people that results in the organization of society

opposite of the virginia plan, it proposed a single-chamber congress in which each state had one vote. this created a conflict with representation between bigger states, who wanted control befitting their population, and smaller states, who didn't want to be bullied by larger states.

strict constructionist, 4th president, father of the constitution, leads nation through war of 1812

compromise made by constitutional convention in which states would have equal representation in one house of the legislature and representation based on population in the other house

incident in which french agents demanded a bribe and loan from the u.s. diplomats in exchange for discussing an agreement that french privateers would no longer attack american ships; led to an undeclared war between u.s. and france

written anonymously by jefferson and madison in response to the alien and sedition acts, they declared that states could nullify federal laws that the states considered unconstitutional.

an agreement that added missouri as a slave state and maine as a slave free state. kept the balane plus banned slavery in northern loisiana territory

a famous chief of the shawnee who tried to unite indian tribes against the increasing white settlement (1768-1813)

law that forbade american ships from sailing to foreign ports and closed american ports to british ships

powers that the constitution gives to both the national and state governments, such as the power to levy taxes.

famous early pioneer who cleared wilderness road, a new route to the west. wilderness road became the main route used to cross the appalachian mountains

united states lexicographer (1758-1843), american writer who wrote textbooks to help the advancement of education. he also wrote a dictionary which helped standardize the american language.

an african american preacher who helped start the free african society and the african methodist episcopal church

of or pertaining to or in keeping with the christian gospel especially as in the first 4 books of the new testament

1811 tecumseh and the prophet attack, but general harrison crushes them in this battle ends tecumseh's attempt to unite all tribes in mississippi.

the social process of absorbing one cultural group into harmony with another

act passed in 1766 just after the repeal of the stamp act. stated that parliament could legislate for the colonies in all cases.

a pamphlet written by thomas paine that criticized monarchies and convinced many american colonists of the need to break away from britain

the fort which george washington built in the ohio valley to protect the english from the french.

virginia delegate james madison's plan of government, in which states got a number of representatives in congress based on their population

the part of the constitution that permits congress to make any laws "necessary and proper" to carrying out its powers

the agreement by which the number of each state's representatives in congress would be based on a count of all the free people plus three-fifths of the slaves

was led by daniel shays it was a protest against the land being taken away and the taxes that they had just worked so hard to get rid of

the body of electors who formally elect the united states president and vice-president

the branch of government that makes the laws.

the branch of the united states government that is responsible for carrying out the laws

the branch of government that interprets laws

was made up by john jay. it said that britain was to pay for americans ships that were seized in 1793. it said that americans had to pay british merchants debts owed from before the revolution and britain had agreed to remove their troops from the ohio valley

A major success of the Articles of Confederation. Set up the framework of a government for the Northwest territory. The Ordinance provided that the Territory would be divided into 3 to 5 states, outlawed slavery in the Territory, and set 60,000 as the minimum population for statehood.

This treaty between the Americans and the Native Americans. In exchange for some goods, the Indians gave the United States territory in Ohio. Anthony Wayne was the American representative.

United States jurist (supreme court)

a protest caused by tax on liquor; it tested the will of the government, Washington's quick response showed the government's strength and mercy

a war (1812-1814) between the United States and England which was trying to interfere with American trade with France

powers that the Constitution does not give to the national government that are kept by the states

Economic panic caused by extensive speculation and a decline of Europena demand for American goods along with mismanagement within the Second Bank of the United States. Often cited as the end of the Era of Good Feelings.

1813 British defeat by General William Henry Harrison's army

1795 - Treaty between the U.S. and Spain which gave the U.S. the right to transport goods on the Mississippi river and to store goods in the Spanish port of New Orleans.

He memorized the way that the British made machines and he brought the idea to America. He made our first cotton spinning machine.

Cherokee chief who went to court in Georgia to protect the Cherokees' right to own their own land when the government gave the land to new settlers

a pass through the Cumberland Mountains between Virginia and Kentucky that early settlers used in order to move west

A second religious fervor that swept the nation. It converted more than the first. It also had an effect on moral movements such as prison reform, the temperance movement, and moral reasoning against slavery.

(civil law) a law established by following earlier judicial decisions

movement that began in Europe in the late 1600s as people began examining the natural world, society, and government; also called the age of reason

United States politician responsible for the Missouri Compromise between free and slave states (1777-1852)