tariff
a tax on foreign goods imported into a country
interest
an extra sum of money that borrowers have to repay creditors in return for a loan
strict construction
a belief that the government should not do anything that the constitution does not specifically say it can do
loose construction
a belief that the government can do anything that the constitution does not prohibit
neutral
not taking sides in a conflict or depute
Jay's treaty
signed in 1794 between the US and Britain in which Britain sought to improve trade relations and agreed to withdraw from forts in the northwest territory
Whiskey rebellion
unrest in 1794 caused by opposition to tax on whiskey
political party
a group of people who seek to win elections and hold public order and office in order to control government policies and programs
xyz affair
controversy in 1798 over French demands for bribes from American negotiations
alien and sedition acts
laws passed by congress in 1798 that enabled the government to imprison or deport aliens and to prosecute critics of the government
Virginia and Kentucky resolutions
passed in 1798 that attacked the Alien and Sedition acts as being unconstitutional
agenda
a list of items to accomplish
bureaucracy
departments that make up a large organization, such as a government
midnight judge
last-minute judicial appointments of judges with federalist beliefs that were made by President Adams just before Thomas Jefferson took office
marbury vs madison
1803 supreme court case that established the principle of judicial review
judicial review
power of federal courts to review state laws and state court decisions to determine if they are unconstitutional
Louisiana purchase
buying of the Louisiana territory from France in 1803
Lewis and Clark expedition
journey by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark through the Louisiana territory from 1804-1806
embargo
a ban or a restriction on trade
Battle of fallen timbers
a battle between American and Native american forces in 1794 over Ohio territory that led to the defeat of the Native Americans
treaty of greenville
signed in 1795 by the US and several native American peoples in which the native Americans gave up the control of most of ohio
reservation
federal land set aside for native americans
assimiliation
process by which people of one culture merge into and become part of another culture
Battle of tippecanoe
took place in the Indiana territory in 1811 between US and native american forces that led to the defeat of the native americans
impressment
policy of forcing people into military or public service
war of 1812
war between the united states and great britain
treaty of ghent
signed in 1814 that ended the war of 1812
Battle of New Orleans
took place in 1815 between American and British troops for control of new Orleans, ending with an american victory
depression
a severe economic downturn, marked by a decrease in business activity, widespread employment and falling prices and wages
Missouri compromise
an 1820 agreement calling for the admission of Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, and outlawing slavery in future states to be created north of 36 30 north latitude