A.P. World History chapter 8 and 9

It included the house surrounded by a wall, open fields divided into strips, a section of forest, sometimes a river, a church, animals in the commons, and smaller houses belonging to vassals

-King, Lords(vassals), Knights(vassals), and peasants/serfs/ slaves -King gave fief(land) to lords and received military aid and loyalty from lords -Lords gave food and protection to the knights and received military service and homage from the knights - Knights gave protection and shelter from the peasants and received food, farmed land, and rent from the peasants -People in the feudal system were satisfied with their position in it and accepted it

-They believed that the position of the caliphate belonged to the descendants of Ali -Ali was Muhammad's first cousin and son-in-law

-They believed that the first three caliphs had been correctly chosen and supported the Umayyad Caliphate

-Born in Mecca and was an orphan -Was involved in caravan trade but spent most of his time in the mountains -Began receiving revelations in 610 that he believed were the words of god, Allah -In 622 he and his follwers fled to Medina where the core of the Islamic state developed -His successor was Abu Bakr who's main goals were to standardize the Islamic religion and consolidate the Islamic state

-Wore veils which originated in the Byzantine and Sasanid Empires -Could be influential in the family -Only slave women could have a public role or appear in public before men -Had the right to inherit and own property and retain it in marriage, the right to divorce, to remarry, to testify in court(only counted for half of a man's testimony) and the right to go on pilgrimage

-Muslims were not allowed to enslave their fellow Muslims, Jews, Christians, or Zoroastrians unless they were prisoners of war -Muslims could not hold non-muslims as slaves -Slavery was not hereditary

-Mystic fraternities whose members sought God through rituals and training

-The decline of the caliphate deprived Islam of a religious center -During the 12th and 13th two new sources of religious authority developed: the madrasas(religious colleges) and the Sufi brotherhoods