8th Grade Social Studies STAAR

1607; first successful colony in North America

1776; document stating that the 13 colonies were a free and independent nation

1787; gathering of state representatives to revise the Articles of Confederation

1787; article that set up a government for the Northwest Territory, guaranteed basic rights to settlers, and outlawed slavery there

1803; vast territory between the Mississippi River and Rocky Mountains, purchased from France in 1803

1861-1865; war between the North and South

1754-1763; a war that took place between England and France, both aided by Native American Allies, that led to the end of French power in North America

1763; agreement between England and France that ended the French and Indian War

1777; first American constitution that created a loose alliance of 13 independent states

1775; first major battle of the Revolution

1775; conflicts between Massachusetts colonists and British soldiers that started the Revolutionary War "shot heard 'round the world"

1777; the first major American victory in the Revolution

1781; final battle in the Revolution

1796; announced he would not seek a third term and gave his views on the best policies for the United States

1812; war between the U.S. and England

1819; agreement proposed by Henry Clay to keep the number of slave and free states equal; allows slavery in some western territories

1830; forced removal of Native Americans to land west of the Mississippi

1832; caused by act passed by South Carolina that declared the 1832 tariff illegal

1838; forced journey of the Cherokee Indians from Georgia to a region west of the Mississippi

1846; war over disputed territory between the Rio Grande and the Nueces River

1848; Mexican territory of California and New Mexico given to the U.S. under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

1850; agreement on slavery by which California joined the Union as a free state and a strict fugitive slave law was passed

1854; law that established the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, giving popular sovereignty to decide on the issue of slavery

1861; Lincoln expresses ideas about union and government

1861; first shots of the Civil War fired there

1863; major Civil War battle; the Confederates never invaded the North again

1863; speech written and delivered by Lincoln after the Battle of Gettysburg

1863; Union victory which geographically split the Confederacy in two

1863; President Lincoln's declaration freeing slaves in the Confederacy

1865; Lincoln expresses ideas about liberty, equality, union, and government

1865; Virginia town that was the site of the Confederate surrender

1865; Lincoln shot and killed by John Wilkes Booth five days after Confederate surrender

Explorer whose voyage in 1492 from Spain to North America opened the Atlantic World

Leader of Jamestown colony

Native American who married Jamestown Englishman John Rolfe

Bostonian who led the Boston Tea Party

Colonial inventor, printer, writer, statesman; contributed to the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution

King of England during the American Revolution

Third President of the United States; wrote Declaration of Independence; supported minimal government and spoils system

French officer who assisted the Americans during the Revolution

Political philosopher and author of "Common Sense" which urged colonists to declare their immediate independence from Great Britain

First President of the United States, commander of Continental Army during Revolution, president of the Philidelphia or Constitutional Convention; wanted United States to maintain neutral foreign policy

Co-author of Federalist Papers with James Madison and John Jay, developed economic policies to help strengthen American economy, including establishment of the Bank of the United States

Member of Virginia state convention who opposed ratification of the Constitution; instrumental in causing adoption of first 10 amendments to the Constitution

Second President of the United States, in office during the XYZ Affair; wanted to keep United States neutral; supported the Alien and Sedition Acts

Shoshone woman who accompanied Lewis and Clark's expedition as a translator

Fourth President of the United States, co-author of the Virginia Plan, the Federalist Papers, and the Bill of Rights; asked Congress to declare war on Britain in 1812

A strong supporter of the Bill of Rights, refused to sign the Constitution in 1787

Seventh President of the United States; his election reflected a growing spirit of democracy and the spread of political power to the "common" people; the modern Democratic party traces its roots to this time

Escaped slave, abolitionist, speaker, and writer; author, "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass"

American Navy captain who fought and defeated the British in 1779, the greatest sea victory for the Americans during the Revolution

Fifth President of the United States; issued the Monroe Doctrine

American woman suffrage leader and co-organizer of the first woman's rights convention at Seneca Falls, NY

Vice President under Jackson and later Senator from South Carolina, supporter of states' rights, argued in favor of nullification

Senator who suggested Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850

Senator who opposed nullification but supported the Compromise of 1850

Elected President of the Confederate States of America in 1861

Commander of the Union forces during the Civil War who ordered his generals to fight a total war

Confederate General who surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse, ending the Civil War

16th President of the United States; President during the Civil War; gave Emancipation Proclamation and Gettysburg Adress; assassinated five days after Lee's surrender

1. Location 2. Place 3. Interaction 4. Movement 5. Regions

Compass- identifies directions and relative locations Scale- estimates distance Latitude and longitude- grid to determine exact location Key or legend- directory of map symbols and colors

Used to analyze and interpret maps of: Natural features, such as elevation and climate Features made by people, such as land use, roads, countries, population density, and battles

Theory that a nation's economic strength came from protecting and increasing its home economy by keeping strict control over its colonial trade

A tax on imported goods to protect a country's industry from foreign competition by making the foreign goods more expensive

Government system to raise money by seeking payment from citizens; British government sought to raise money to pay for the French and Indian War by imposing the Sugar and Stamp Acts on American colonists

Alexander Hamilton asked Congress to set up a national bank; Congress created the Bank of the United States in 1791

Agricultural system in the South which relied on slave labor to work the large farms and estates

The first African slaves arrived in Virginia in 1619; by 1700 the Southern colonies had begun to rely on slave labor and the transatlantic slave trade developed and grew

Rapid growth was a result of the Industrial Revolution- the process by which machines replaced hand tools and steam and other new sources of power replaced human and animal power

Process of a population's shifting from farms to cities, especially as a result of the Industrial Revolution during the 19th century

System in which the government plays a limited role in the economy

Movement to end slavery in the United States and its territories

Public education- schools and educational systems supported by public taxes Temperance movements- campaign against alcohol consumptions Women's rights movements- organized campaign to win property, education, and other rights for women Prison reform- movement to improve conditions for people being held in prisons Care of the disabled- in 1817 Thomas Gallaudet set up a school for the deaf and Samuel Gridley Howe founded the first American school for the blind in 1832

Robert Fulton and John Fitch used the steam engine to power boats; revolutionized travel in the West; carried passengers and gave farmers and merchants an inexpensive way to transport goods

Invented by Eli Whitney to speed the process of cleaning cotton seeds from the fiber; a single worker using the gin could do the work of 50 doing it by hand

Method developed in the 1850s for making stronger steel at a lower cost

It was thought a better transportation system with roads, bridges, and canals, would make it easier and cheaper for farmers in the West and the South to ship goods to city markets; Henry Clay's American System

1215; A British document that contains two basic ideas: monarchs themselves have to obey laws, and citizens have basic rights

1619; Representative assembly in colonial Virginia

1620; Agreement for governing the Plymouth colony, signed by the Pilgrims before they landed at Plymouth

1639; A plan of government in the Puritan colony in Conneticut; expanded the idea of representative government in the English colonies

1689; Signed by monarchs William and Mary of England; document guaranteeing the rights of English citizens