Accordingly, his assumptions are the following: (1) the average human being has an inherent dislike of work and will avoid it, if he can, when possible; (2) Because of dislike of a work, most people must be coaxed, controlled, directed, threatened with punishment to get through, put forth adequate effort towards the achievement of organizational objectives; and (3) the average human being prefers to be directed, wishes to avoid responsibility, has rationally little ambition and is more interested in financial increments and wants security above all than personal achievements.Accordingly, “Theory X” assumes human beings as lazy, lacking in ambition, resisting change, non-creative, capable of being deceived easily, etc. (Basavanthappa, BT. 2000. NURSING ADMINISTRATION (pp38-39). Jaypee Brothers Medical Publisher, New Delhi).
Furthermore, based from my own opinion, Theory X is a type of organizational management in which manager considers the human nature and behaviour of his subordinates.Thus, these employees need more supervision and direction or instruction to meet the goals of a company. This theory describes the staffs to be lazy and lack on ambitions in meeting and achieving goals but they only want to acquire benefits without any barriers and responsibilities will be given to them, which greatly affects to the productivity and efficiency in carrying out healthcare needs to the patients, and so there are less productivity in meeting the demands from their clients.On the other hand, Theory Y provides more accurate assessment of human nature, in which one that encourages workers to develop their full potentials.
In addition, assumptions about human nature under this theory are the following: (1) the expenditure of physical and mental effort in work is as rational as play or rest. The average individual does not inherently dislike work; (2) external control and the threat of punishment are not the only means of bringing about efforts towards organizational objectives.People will exercise self-control and self-direction when pursuing goals to which they are personally committed; (3) commitment to objectives is a function of the rewards associated with their achievement. The most significant of such rewards, e. g. the satisfaction of ego and self-actualization needs, can be direct products of efforts directed towards organizational objectives; (4) the average human being learns, under proper conditions, not only to accept but to seek responsibility.
Avoidance of responsibility, lack of ambition and emphasis on security are generally consequences of experience, they are not inherent; (5) the capacity to exercise a relatively high degree of imagination, ingenuity and creativity in the solution of organizational problems is widely not narrowly, distributed in the population; and (6) under the conditions of modern industrial life, the intellectual potentialities of the average human being are only partially utilized.Moreover, the theory Y underlines the importance of maintaining an organization where people feel confident and motivated. (Basavanthappa, BT. 2000. NURSING ADMINISTRATION (pp38-39).
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publisher, New Delhi). In some way, it was observed that in this theory employee and staffs has discipline and needs less supervision but able to meet the objectives of the institution or the goals set by the manager without any barriers and hesitation from their work.They are able to be more productive and efficient in meeting and carrying out the healthcare needs of their patients. In this manner, manager should still be permissible in which he was able to implement those rules and regulations and even protocols as it brings out the human values in an organization and honed each employee in self realization and actualization to achieve those objectives.
Finally, Theory Z was developed by W. Ouchi, as means for applying Japanese management principles to American industry.This approach combines elements of Japanese and American management prochas in order to combine the strength of both. Japanese management methods derives from Executives, underlying philosophy about workers, wok and product.
This philosophy incorporates the following concepts as: lifelong employment on the same firm, infrequent evaluation and promotions, non-specialized carpet path development, implicit control of worker behaviour, collective decision making, group responsibility for quality and, holistic concern for the employees welfare.Theory Z calls for longterm employment, a combination for specialized and generalized training. (Basavanthappa, BT. 2000. NURSING ADMINISTRATION (p. 42).
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publisher, New Delhi). Therefore, this theory talks about the implementation of a long term employment of subordinates in an institution to consider the continuous path of development and productivity of each individual especially in meeting the goals of delivering quality healthcare needs to the patients.However, there is a slow promotion or ranking of the employees that was implemented according to this theory, but this is in view that employees must be specialized in their nature of job, well trained and satisfaction on what they are doing which helps to continuously promote quality services and commitment to the needs of every clients. ** I would rather prefer to implement Theory Y of Mc Gregor, in which manager is lenient in achieving the objectives of the management and able to produce productive employees and staff that needs less supervision as they were having self-realization and self-actualization in their designated job.Each employee still consider their nature of work in which they will be dynamic enough to meet the needs of their patients.
In a situation, employees also need some discipline and chastisement which controls and remind of their own responsibility and obligation towards their job, which may also contribute to the importance of their duty as a member of the organization. Moreover, this theory helps very much to the development and continuous progression of one institution which may produce competitive staffs and deliver quality service whatever cases they may encounter in the future, but a success of everybody.
