MIS412 Chapter 3

An interconnected network of thousands of networks and millions of computers linking businesses, educational institutions, government agencies, and individuals

one of the Internet's most popular services, providing access to over 50 billion Web pages

a method of slicing digital messages into packets, sending the packets along different communication paths as they become available, and then reassembling the packets once they arrive at their destination

the discrete units into which digital messages are sliced for transmission over the Internet

special-purpose computer that interconnects the computer networks that make up the Internet and routes packets to their ultimate destination as they travel the Internet

computer program that ensures that packets take the best available path toward their destination

a set of rules and standards for data transfer

the core communications protocol for the internet

protocol that establishes the connections among sending and receiving Web computers and handles the assembly of packets at the point of transmission, and their reassembly at the receiving end

protocol that provides the Internet's addressing scheme and is responsible for the actual delivery of the packets

responsible for placing packets on and receiving them from the network medium

responsible for addressing, packaging, and routing messages on the Internet

responsible for providing communication with the application by acknowledging and sequencing the packets to and from the application

provides a wide variety of applications with the ability to access the services of the lower layers

Internet address expressed as a 32-bit number that appears as a series of four separate numbers marked off by periods, such as 64.

49.254.91

IP address expressed in natural language

system for expressing numeric IP addresses in natural language

the address used by a Web browser to identify the location of content on the Web

a model of computing in which powerful personal computers are connected in a network together with one or more servers

a powerful personal computer that is part of a network

networked computer dedicated to common functions that the client computers on the network need

model of computing in which firms and individuals obtain computing power and software over the Internet

the internet protocol used for transferring Web pages

the Internet protocol used to send mail to a server

a protocol used by the client to retrieve mail from an Internet server

a more current e-mail protocol that allows users to search, organize, and filter their mail prior to downloading it from the server

one of the original Internet services. Part of the TCP/IP protocol that permits users to transfer files from the server to their client computer, and vice versa

a terminal emulation program that runs in TCP/IP

a protocol that secures communications between the client and the server

a program that allows you to check the connection between your client and the server

one of several route-tracing utilities that allow you to follow the path of a message you send from your client to a remote computer on the Internet

combines the functionality offered by Ping and Tracert

layer of Internet technology that is composed of telecommunications networks and protocols

layer of Internet architecture that houses the TCP/IP protocol

layer of Internet architecture that contains client applications

the "glue" that ties the applications to the communications networks, and includes such services as security, authentication, addresses, and storage repositories

owns and controls one of the major networks comprising the Internet's backbone

high-bandwidth fiber-optic cable that transports data across the Internet

measures how much data can be transferred over a communications medium within a fixed period of time; is usually expressed in bits per second (bps), kilobits per second (Kbps), megabits per second (Mbps),or gigabits per second (Gbps)

multiple duplicate devices and paths in a network

hub where the backbone intersects with local and regional networks and where backbone owners connect with one another

generally, a local area network operating within a single organization that leases access to the Web directly from regional and national carriers

firm that provides the lowest level of service in the multi-tiered Internet architecture by leasing Internet access to home owners, small businesses, and some large institutions

the traditional telephone modem connection, now operating at 56.6 Kbps

refers to any communication technology that permits clients to play streaming audio and video files at acceptable speeds—generally anything above 100 Kbps

delivers high-speed Access through ordinary telephone lines found in homes or businesses

piggybacks digital Access to the Internet on top of the analog video cable providing television signals to a home

an international telephone standard for digital communication that offers guaranteed delivery at 1.54 Mbps

an international telephone standard for digital communication that offers guaranteed delivery at 45 Mbps

a TCP/IP network located within a single organization for purposes of communications and information processing

formed when firms permit outsiders to access their internal TCP/IP networks

delays in messages caused by the uneven flow of information packets through the network

a consortium of more than 200 universities, government agencies, and private businesses that are collaborating to find ways to make the Internet more efficient

a regional Gigabit Point of Presence, or point of access to the Internet2 network, that supports at least one gigabit (1 billion bits) per second information transfer

consists of up to hundreds of strands of glass or plastic that use light to transmit data

the study of communicating with light waves

also referred to as 802.

11b, 802.11a (Wi-Fi5), and 802.16 (WiMAX). Wireless standard for Ethernet networks with greater speed and range than Bluetooth

new technology standard for short-range wireless communication under 10 meters

a less-expensive, lowpower, and simpler form of radio network operating in the 2.4 GHz band and other bands that allows small appliances and sensors to talk with one another

a set of technologies that enables efficient delivery of data to many locations on a network

a new technology that assigns levels of priority to packets based on the type of data being transmitted

Web browser with a graphical user interface (GUI) that made it possible to view documents on the Web graphically

the sharing of files, information, graphics, sound, video, and other objects across all computer platforms in the world, regardless of operating system

the first commercial Web browser

Microsoft's Web browser

a way of formatting pages with embedded links that connect documents to one another, and that also link pages to other objects such as sound, video, or animation files

one of the next generation of GMLs that is relatively easy to use in Web page design. HTML provides Web page designers with a fixed set of markup "tags" that are used to format a Web page

a markup language specification developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) that is designed to describe data and information

software that enables a computer to deliver Web pages written in HTML to client computers on a network that request this service by sending an HTTP request

server designed to access specific information with a database

server designed to deliver targeted banner ads

server that provides e-mail messages

server that serves video clips

any computing device attached to the Internet that is capable of making HTTP requests and displaying HTML pages, most commonly a Windows PC or Macintosh

the most-used application of the Internet.

Uses a series of protocols to enable messages containing text, images, sound, and video clips to be transferred from one Internet user to another

a file inserted within an e-mail message