The changes in society specifically are transformations in society, culture and technology. Social changes include any alteration in the society in terms of cause and effect of intra social relations, or the institutions of family and marriage and other such cultural aspects. Change is absolutely inevitable and it is largely unplanned. The four major factors encompassing the social changes are:- (a) Change is inevitable, only the rate of change varies.
b) The change is sometimes intentional, but often unplanned. c) Controversial / conflicting changes too occur. (d) Some social changes matter more than others 3. Karl Marx also talked about the class structure, its nuances in terms of antagonism in the class system itself during his entire lifetime. There are some changes in society which have a major bearing than others when it comes to aspects affected in the social relationships. The major sources of social change are:- (a) Population / Demography.
Do the people want to change themselves or do they chase themselves to change in the process bringing about social change (b) Physical Environment. Physical environment too brings about certain compulsory changes at times. (c) Technology. It is the core basis of modern social system and it has a definite impact on the society. (d) Culture.
Even the miniscule social practices which keep changing also change the society. (e) Collective Behaviour and Social Movements. They have a profound impact on changes in society.For instance the evolution of 'Sati System', introduction of Widow Re-marriage System' or other social activities or mass social movements. (f) Modernization and Westernization. The two erms must not be confused and this factor of modernisation has a significant impact on social changes.
It changes the society by changing the way in which the society does certain things. (g) Civil Society. The society as such is ever evolving and changing and thus contributes to changes in society. 4.
Changes in Culture. The factors are:- (a) Invention.It involves production of new objects, ideas, and social patterns. Access to means allows us to express our point of views and thus changes are affected. (b)Discovery.
Taking note of existing elements ofa culture is discovery. (c) Diffusion. The spread of products, people and information from one culture to another is diffusion and this factor achieves more political significance. It ensures that such changes are continuous. 5.
Modernization and Social Change. It has an enormous impact on social change and consequent impact on Human Capital.It involves continuous innovations and inventions of technology to bring about a definite impact on society and the Human Capital. A complex set of changes that takes place as societies attempt to industrialise also bring about the changes. technology.
(b) Change based on rationality. c) Experimental approach and validation. (d) Search for truth for sake of truth itself. 6. Changes in Technology.
It is an age old axiom that 'needs govern invention' and today the 'improvement in technology.Continuous quest for knowledge, improving the lifestyles and welfare of society at large fuels progress of the technology. Technology is invariably biased towards skilled labour, educated mass. It doesn't matter to common a man on the street if Apple launches a new I-pod or if Ms Williams goes to space for 100 days and other such inventions / innovations too do not affect the masses.
They do not affect the major chunk of Indian population in any form, who actually must be beneficiaries of continuous improvement in the fields of science and technology.Technical change originates from Research and Development activities in response to need (labour-saving and skill-biased) but technological changes tend to increase inequalities in the society. Human Capital 7. Human capital refers to the stock of productive skills and technical knowledge embodied in labour. It is almost like "culture" that one "acquires" being a member of the society. Individual knowledge and abilities are developed though formal training nd education and are aimed at updating and renewing one's capabilities in order to do well in society.
Human capital is :- (a) Expandable and self generating with use As doctors gain more experience; their knowledge base will increase, as will their endowment of human capital. The economics of scarcity is replaced by the economics of self-generation. (b) Transportable and shareable Knowledge / skill is easily moved and shared. This transfer does not prevent its use by the original holder.
However, the transfer of knowledge may reduce its scarcity-value to its original possessor. 8. Improvement of Human Capital can be of three types.All these have their own specific impact on the society. These are:- (a) Firm Specific. These are skills and knowledge that are valuable only within a specific firm and have a limited impact on the level of innovation.
(b) Industry Specific. This includes knowledge derived from experience specific to an industry. It impacts economic performance of an organisation. (c) Individual Specific. This is knowledge applicable to a broad range of firms and industries based on the level of academic education and vocational training of the individual working within. Society has evolved vis - a - vis Knowledge as shown below with the progress still continuing in both:- 10.
The society has mis-carried itself from social value systems to more materialistic gains. There is a global debate regarding the fair distribution of human capital. This is most pointed with respect to educated individuals, who typically migrate from poorer places to richer places seeking opportunity, making 'the rich richer and the poor poorer'. When workers migrate, their early care and education generally benefit the country where they move to work.Relative Deprivation was coined in early 20th century by an American Social scientist Mr Robert K Muddle.
It today means relative deprivation within the society and classes within the society and is the final outcome of todays socio-economic scenario. The socio-economic scenario can be best described as follows:- (a) There is a complex division of labour (c) The dignity of labour varies from industry to geographical locale and many other factors. (d) Growing individualism is a reality. (e) It's the $ (read money worth) not the 'S' ( of status) that matters the most today.
. In this context, Human resource management assumes utmost significance as the strategic and coherent approach to the management of an organization's most valued assets - the people working there who individually and collectively contribute to the achievement of the objectives of the organization. Context for Indian Army 12. Indian Army employs over
