World History II Industrial Revolution Vocabulary

the shift, beginning in England during the 18th century, from making goods by hand to making them by machine

the system of growing a different crop in a field each year to preserve the fertility of the land

the development of industries for the machine production of goods.

resources of land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship used to produce goods and services

fabric or cloth used for clothes and other products

a large building in which machinery is used to manufacture goods

a person who organizes, manages, and takes on the risks of a business

the growth of cities and the migration of people into them

A social class made up of skilled workers, professionals, business people, and wealthy farmers.

rights of ownership in a corporation

a business owned by stockholders who share in its profits but are not personally responsible for its debts

the idea that government should not interere with or regulate industries and businesses

a professor at the University of Glasgow, he wrote The Wealth of Nation, which defended the idea of a free economy

an economic system based on private ownership and on the investment of money in business ventures in order to make a profit

the theory that government actions are useful only if they promote the greatest good for the greatest number of people

an economic system in which the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all.

co-wrote The Communist Manifesto with Freidrich Engels, which outlined a radical form of socialism called Marxism

co-wrote The Communist Manifesto with Karl Marz, which outlined a radical form of socialism called Marxism

an economic system i which all the means of production- land, mines, factories, railroads, and businesses- are owned by the people, private property does not exist, and all goods are shared equally

An association of workers, formed to bargain for better working conditions and higher wages.

to refuse to work in order to force an employer to meet certain demands

a multimillionaire American industrialist and philanthropist who founded the American Steel Company