World History chapter 8 section 2-4 study Guide

in the first half of the 19th century, those European - mainly wealthy landowners and nobles - who wanted to preserve the traditional monarchies of Europe

in the first half of the 19th century, those Europeans - mainly middle class - who wanted to give more political power to elected parliaments.

In the first half of the 19th century, those Europeans who favored drastic change to extend democracy to all people

A belief that people should be loyal to their nation, the people with whom they share land, culture, and history

An independent nation of people having a common culture and identity

the reigon of southeastern Europe now occupied by Greece, Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, the European part of Turkey, and the former republics of Yugoslavia.

Was not only the first president of the French Republic (for two terms), but was also the last emperor. As emperor, he was called Napoleon III and he was the nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte.

(r. 1855-1881) Emperor of Russia; advocated moderate reforms for Russia; emancipated the serfs; he was assassinated.

The political mastermind behind all of Sardinia's unification plans, he succeeded in creating a Northern Italian nation state

(1807-82) An Italian radical who emerged as a powerful independent force in Italian politics. He planned to liberate the Two Kingdoms of Sicily.

the followers of the 19th-century Italian nationalist leader Giuseppe Garibaldi

German chansler; united Germany; made a triple alliance with Austria-Hungary & Italy; made alliance with Russia

"the politics of reality"; the practice of tough power politics without room for idealism

German emperor

19th century artistic movement that appealed to emotion rather than reason

A 19th century artistic movement in which writers and painters sought to show life as it is rather than life as it should be

A movement in 19th century painting, in which artists reacted against realism by seeking to convey their impressions of subjects or moments in time